124 A MANUAL FOB NORTHERN WOODSMEN 



partly by traverse, partly by straight-line travel across the 

 sections. Elevations by barometer checked by the baro- 

 graph whenever it is necessary to remain away from known 

 points a considerable time. Timber estimated and topo- 

 graphic notes obtained at same time. Cruising, reduction 

 of notes, and map making about six weeks' work for the 

 explorer, who may need a companion or camp man. 



Comments . 1. Division into mile squares may look 

 expensive, like going a long way round to secure topo- 

 graphic data. These lines, however, have value on other 

 accounts ; have, in fact, proved their value over and over 

 again in timber land administration. As before stated, 

 they are useful in definitely bounding logging contracts, 

 they are perfectly understood by logging foremen, and 

 are of great service to them in their timber estimates 

 and the laying out of their roads. They are, in addition, of 

 great service in keeping track of subsequent cutting or 

 other developments on the land. 



On the other hand, the mile square is not so large an 

 area but that it can be mapped accurately and its timber 

 estimated according to the methods here recommended. 



2. The strip survey system might, of course, be used 

 instead of the one-man system employed. The advantages 

 of each will be understood from what comes before and 

 after. 



3. It may be advisable in some cases to separate entirely 

 the topographic and timber work. In general, however, 

 the thoroughly equipped man will find that travel that 

 helps him in one direction helps also in the other. 



The Maps. Maps of forest property should be on a 

 large scale to allow the preservation of notes about small 

 bunches of timber, etc. Four inches to the mile for tracts of 

 large size has proved serviceable. As to contours, a fifty- 

 foot interval will setve, in the rough land of New England, 

 to represent most features of the topography. 



The results of such a survey are, for business purposes, 

 best embodied in two map sheets, one showing the waters, 

 relief, and other permanent features of the country, the 

 other exhibiting all the facts concerning the timber. 

 Thi* last should be on tracing linen, so that it may be laid 



