204 A MANUAL FOR NORTHERN WOODSMEN 



per cent, and the third 21 per cent, while top diameters 

 are approximately 33, 29 and 25 inches respectively. 

 One of these logs is large enough for No. 1 ; it may or may 

 not be clear enough. Second and third logs are of suffi- 

 cient size, and likely to be of a quality, to put them in 

 the second grade. 



Methods in this branch of the work, however, vary 

 greatly. A few, in the endeavor to reduce the field of 

 judgment, have gone into much detail and devised forms 

 of notes which record trees by sizes and log grades in each 

 tree as its contents is estimated. Of the percentage of 

 successive logs, it may be said that the above relations 

 are fairly typical that is to say in normal fir timber 

 large enough so that log grades are of importance, about 

 35 per cent of the total contents of trees is contained in 

 the butt log if cut 32 feet long, the second log will add 

 25 to 30 per cent more, and about 20 per cent will be 

 in the third log. Breakage and defect may throw out 

 these relations, and they are different in extremely tall 

 or short timber. 



NOTE. Half logs are given in the original tables. 



Since a large share of the timber of the fir region is 

 realized on by its owners in the form not of lumber but 

 of logs, the inducement is small to go further than the log 

 in quality work in that region. It is otherwise, however, 

 in the regions characterized by pine, where there are no 



