6 



THE CANADIAN H0RTICUI-TDEI8T. 



to break well and form strong canes, as 

 the tendency is to make the strongest 

 growth at the extremities. This may 

 be overcome by bending the ends of 

 the horizontal canes to the ground and 

 fastening them there until the growth 

 in the eyes at the base has become 

 vigorous. This may be greatly helped 

 by pinching back the two canes several 

 times during the second season's growth, 

 which will cause the lower buds to be 

 very strongly developed. 



These upright canes will bear fruit 

 this year, and in the autumn the vine 

 will present the appearance shewn in 

 Figure No. 4. 



Subsequent pruning will consist 

 merely in cutting back each of these 



alternate canes which were left standing 

 to the top of the trellis are allowed to 

 bear fruit on the lateral branches which 

 will grow from each bud. As many 

 laterals are allowed to grow and bear 

 each one bunch of grapes as the strength 

 of the vine will admit ; all the others 

 are rubbed off, and, after the first bunch 

 appears, the lateral is pinched off so as 

 to leave two or three leaves only beyond 

 the bunch of fruit. The next year the 

 upright canes that bore fruit the pre- 

 vious season are cut back to one eye 

 above the horizontal arm, and a new 

 upright trained up to bear fruit the 

 following year. Thus the canes are cut 

 back alternately. 



The other system of training is called 



Figwt No. 4. 

 THREE-YEAR OLP VINE IN FRUIT. 



upright canes to the first strong, plump 

 bud above the horizontal arm, and train- 

 ing up a new fruit-bearing upright cane 

 each year. Some cultivators cut back 

 every other one of these upright canes 

 to within one bud of the arm, and cut 

 the others back merely at the top of 

 the trellis. Those canes which are cut 

 down to within one bud of the arm are 

 not allowed to bear any fruit, but the 

 new shoot is trained upright to the 

 ti'ellis to bear fruit the next year. The 



the Arbor System. Stout poles are 

 set in each row of vines midway be- 

 tween the vines. To these poles are fas- 

 tened other and lighter ])oles, reaching 

 from pole to pole, at such height from 

 the ground as the size of the vines may 

 require ; also other light poles reaching 

 across to the poles of the next adjoin- 

 ing row. Upon these horizontal poles 

 light sticks are laid and fastened, form- 

 ing a sort of lattice over the space be- 

 tween the first and second row, the third 



