THE CANADIAN H0RTI0ULTDRI8T. 



and fourth row, the fifth and sixth row, 

 and so on ; thus covering each alternate 

 space. Then the vines on the first and 

 second row are trained upon this lattice ; 

 the vines of the first row running 

 towards the second, and those of the 

 second towards the first row, — those of 

 the third towards the fourth, and those 

 of the fourth towards the third row, — 

 until each alternate space is covered 

 with vines, trained horizontally upon a 

 lattice or support of light poles. The 

 height of this lattice from the ground 

 is increased each year with the increas- 

 ing size of the vines, until it reaches 

 about seven feet from the ground, at 

 which point it is permanently main- 

 tained. When the vines have reached 

 this height, no branches, leaves or 

 shoots, are allowed to grow within five 

 feet of the ground. 



The pruning in this plan of training 

 consists in cutting back the previous 

 season's growth to one or two buds, and 

 occasionally cutting out the old wood, 

 so that there may be a constant supply 

 of young fruit-bearing wood, and the 

 vine upon the top of the arbor not be- 

 come too thickly matted, but always so 

 thinu'^d out that tlie air can circulate 

 freely through the overlying foliage. 



SUMMER PRUNING. 

 The only pruning that the vine should 

 receive during its season of growth will 

 be the nipping off of the ends of shoots 

 that should be stopped, in order to 

 throw the strength of the vine into the 

 fruit. The idea that the leaves of the 

 vine must be cut away to allow the sun 

 to shine upon the fruit is wholly ei-ro- 

 neous, and in practice leads to injurious 

 conserpr^nces. The leaves ebiborate the 

 sap, au'l ripen the fruit. In order to do 

 this office effectually, the leaves need to 

 be fully exposed to the sun and air ; 

 and that thr\v may he so exposeil, fully 

 and freely, all superfluous wood is cut 

 away in the Spring, and thus the foli- 



age and fruit kept in due proportion to 

 each other, and to the space to be occu- 

 pied. How much to cut away, and 

 what to cut away, can not be taught 

 by written instructions. Something 

 will depend upon the vigor of growth 

 of the variety, and can be learned only 

 with pruning shears in hand. One 

 principle lies at the foundation of all 

 successful pruning, — that is, to replace 

 the old wood with new, the fruit being 

 borne on the wood of the curi-ent year, 

 which grows from buds formed on the 

 wood of last year. Only by so priming 

 as to keep a sufficient supply of strong, 

 healthy, well-ripened young wood, may 

 a crop of fruit be secured. 



MANURES. 

 The best for a young vineyard not 

 yet come into bearing, is well-rotted 

 barn-yard manure. With most farmers 

 there is not much danger of applying 

 too much at this stage of growth, yet 

 it can be overdone. Judgment must 

 be used in this as in all things else; 

 and the best judgment is always the 

 result of practical experience. Some 

 varieties, such as the Delaware, will 

 bear considerable manure, not only 

 without injuiy, but with positive bene- 

 fit; while such as the Isabella and 

 Diana can be over-fed to their injury. 

 When the vines begin to bear, in addi- 

 tion to a moderate quantity of well- 

 rotted barn-yard manui-e, ground bones, 

 lime, ashes, salt, and even iron tilings, 

 if to be had, may be api)lied with great 

 benefit. In soils deficient in lime there 

 will be need of supplying lime in larger 

 proportion ; and as the country is re- 

 mote from the sea, the use of salt, sown 

 broadcast upon the ground, will, in 

 some measure, supply the defect. 



DISEASES OF THE VINE. 

 The most common disease in this 

 country is the mildew, which attacks 

 the leaves and fruit, and sometimes 



