- t^ft~ - 





(Entered as secood-clasa matter July 30, 1907. at the Post-Offlce at Ohicapo, III., under Act of March 3, 1879. 1 



Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street, 



GEORGE W. YORK. Editor 



DR. C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor. 



CHICAGO, ILL, FEBRUARY, 1911 



Vol. LI- -No. 2 



Editor LAX. 



Comments 



The Name "Extracted Honey" 



Quite a lengthy editorial in Glean- 

 ings in Bee Cuture is devoted to dis- 

 cussing the "Nomenclature of Honey; 

 Shall We ' Stand Pat ' on ' Extracted?' " 

 About 25 years ago this subject was 

 pretty thoroughly gone over in these 

 columns, and after occupying consid- 

 erable space, we believe it was found 

 that no better term could be agreed 

 upon than " Extracted Honey " for that 

 kind of honey. 



Mr. P. W. Richards, of New Mexico, 

 suggests " separated " honey, and call- 

 ing the extractor a " separator," to cor- 

 respond with cream-separator. Editor 

 Root says this appeals to him much 

 more than " extracted " and " extractor." 

 But they, or the processes, are not simi- 

 lar at all. The cream is separated from 

 the milk. Could you separate hom-y 

 from honey ? Hardly. 



It seems to us that in view of the 

 long use of the name, and that the 

 honey has really been extracted (re- 

 moved) from the honey-combs by a 

 \\on^y-ext>-aclor, " Extracted Honey " is 

 a good name for that article. We 

 doubt if it would be worth while to 

 occupy valuable space with a further 

 discussion of the subject. 



Early Ces.sation of Broort-lleariiig- 



There is probably many a bee-keeper 

 with years of experience who has never 

 realized how early in the season brood- 

 rearing may cease, especially where 

 there is no fall flow. Nor is it always, 

 if indeed ever, that brood-rearing has 

 ceased because the queen has ceased to 

 lay. Close observation is likely to 

 show in the fall that sealed brood is 

 present, and also eggs. That means 

 that although the queen keeps on lay- 

 ing, the bees no longer do any feeding. 

 A striking instance of the early cessa- 

 tion of brood-rearing is given in the 

 British Bee Journal. Mr. W. Herrod 

 had, in the season of HIIO, " examined 



colonies in August in which the queens 

 had given up laying altogether. In 

 one apiary of nearly 300 colonies he 

 did not find more than 13 or 14 with 

 brood, simply because stores had 

 ceased to come in. In such colonies 

 there would be a good many old bees 

 going into winter quarters, and un- 

 doubtedly there would be much spring 

 dwindling the following year." 



Fortunately such extreme cases are 

 not common, but whenever the honey- 

 flow ceases quite early it may be a 

 good thing to feed enough to keep up 

 brood-rearing. After the queen has 

 actually stopped laying, it may need 

 continuous feeding for some time to 

 get her started again, especially if she 

 is old. Mr. Herrod believes it is a 

 good thing in such a case to requeen 

 in the fall. 



Australian liee-Itiilletin on Foul 

 Hroo<I 



By the time they reach the other 

 side of the globe the views held by 

 -American bee-keepers with regard to 

 foul brood seem to become somewhat 

 distorted ; at any rate, one would think 

 so after reading the following from the 

 .Australian Bee-Bulletin : 



"American bee-keepers make a distinc- 

 tion between European and American foul 

 brood. The former is said to affect liie un 

 sealed larvae, the latter affects the sealed 

 brood when it develops into a nymph." 



Australian readers will naturally un- 

 derstand from that that American bee- 

 keepers hold the view that in one kind 

 of foul brood only unsealed larvs are 

 affected, and in the other kind only 

 nymphs. So far from that being the 

 case, they believe that although in the 

 European the most of the diseased 

 brood is attacked earlier than in 

 American, yet that both sealed and un- 

 sealed brood are affected in each, and 

 that nymphs have not much to do with 

 the case. Editor Abram further says: 



"[ have yet to learn that American foul 

 brood differs from European When 



.American scientists can show us that there 

 is one disease distinct to Europe, and an- 

 other to America, well and good: but theory 

 and practice must agree in any case. In the 

 meantime I shall consider the disease in two 

 stages, just as dwindling and paralysis vary 

 in degree only. But all American bee-keep- 

 ers are not of tlie same opinion as a few are. 

 and thus the matter is not all American." 



Where in the world did Mr. Abram 

 get the idea that American scientists 

 teach one form of foul brood is found 

 only in Europe and the other kind only 

 in America ? Whatever may be in 

 Europe, he must be a very careless 

 reader of American bee-papers who 

 thinks that only one kind is to be found 

 in this country. So if Mr. Abram is 

 waiting until it is proven by scientists 

 that American stays in America, and 

 European in Europe, he will never be 

 convinced that there are two distinct 

 diseases under the name of foul brood. 



Of course there is no law against his 

 considering the two diseases only one 

 disease in two stages, but it doesn't 

 need a scientist to point out differences 

 that any every-day bee-keeper with two 

 good eyes can see. The stringing out 

 of the brood 1, 2, or more inches that 

 is found in American is not found in 

 European, no matter how far advanced 

 the disease may be. In American, no 

 matter in what stage the disease rnay 

 be, the dead larva dries down like 

 glue; in European, no matter in what 

 stage the disease may be, the mummified 

 larva may be separated from the cell- 

 wall. 



Just what is meant by saying that 

 " dwindling and paralysis vary in de- 

 gree only," it is not easy to understand. 

 Possibly there is a difference in no- 

 menclature in the two countries, for if 

 dwindling and paralysis mean the same 

 there as here, it is hard to believe that 

 Mr. .Abram could possibly think that 

 they " vary in degree only." 



If, when Editor Abram says that " all 

 American bee-keepers are not of the 

 same opinion as a few are," he means 

 that only a few American bee-keepers 

 believe that American and European 

 foul brood are two distinct diseases, 

 he needs to be better informed. Ameri- 

 can bee-keepers may be divided in 

 opinion as to the best method of treat- 

 ment, but as to the fact of there being 

 two separate and distinct diseases, a 

 somewhat close familiarity with Ameri- 

 can bee-literature fails to bring to 



