96 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



1st. As a general rule select a light, permeable soil, and let it 

 be well mellow. 



2d. As a rule seeds should be sown thinly, so as to give each 

 plant ample room for growth and expansion, as many species 

 require 12 inches square for development, and especially all shrubs 

 and perennial plants. 



3d. Cover the seeds with their own diameter of earth, in 

 accordance with which the smaller seeds are only to be dusted 

 over. 



4th. Water them with a rose watering-pot immediately after 

 planting, and repeat this daily toward evening until well advanced 

 in growth. 



Cattle Feed. 



Mr. M. V. B. Hathaway, Calais, Vt.: "What is the comparative 

 value as feed for stock of turnips, carrots, beets and potatoes ? 

 What varieties of turnips and beets are most valuable for this 

 purpose ?" 



It is difficult to give the exact comparative value. Carrots 

 generally rank first, and we should put potatoes before beets, and 

 turnips Ia.st, though many believe that rutabagas are equal to any 

 of the other roots. Sugar-beets, or mangel-wurtzel, are the best 

 beets. 



This question called up a good deal of discussion among mem- 

 bers, and several of them who had had considerable experience in 

 the matter gave their opinion in favor of parsneps for milch cows 

 over any other root, not only as the most profitable crop to grow, 

 but as producing the best results. 



Mr. Fitch, El wood, N. J., related several anecdotes showing 

 marked results from feeding baked potatoes. He had fed them 

 to a horse, and found them not only the cheapest but best food he 

 ever used. He also recommended very highly the use of sawdust 

 for bedding. For sweet potatoes he never had found any manure 

 as good as this. 



To Stop Runaway Horses. 

 Mr. H. M. Deming, Auburn, Kansas : "My observations has led 

 me to conclude that there are many more runaways happen from 

 frightened drivers than frightened horses. To stop a running 

 horse gather up your reins and give one of them a strong pull and 

 let up quickly, then in a moment pull again on the same one or 



