184 TRANSACTIOx\S OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



acres) with the wheat, and in the spring one bushel of clover seed. 

 Our farms in Cumberland county are gencrall}'^ so divided, that we 

 have two parts for corn, two for oats, two for wheat, two for mow- 

 ing, and one for pasture. This is our regular rotation. Our grass 

 crops are heavy, and generally 40 to 50 bushels corn to the acre, 

 40 to 50 bushels oats, and 15 to 25 bushels wheat. My farm is 

 clear of garlic and all other foul weeds, and hay and fodder are 

 so plenty that I need not turn stock to pasture before the clover 

 is in hand, and I never feed so close that I cannot turn down 

 vegetable matter enough to produce a good crop of corn without 

 any other manure. Still, we are careful to make all the manure 

 possible, which we do by stabling our cattle the greater part of 

 the year. We also stall feed many cattle, preferring to feed all 

 the hay and fodder we make in the stables, using plenty of straw 

 and oats for litter. The dung heaps from our stable enable us to 

 give our wheat lands a heavy coat of manure every year. By 

 plowing this in deep we have plenty of corn to sell and keep; 

 and this is the way we keep our land in good condition, never 

 exhausted, never in want of rest, never in a condition that will not 

 produce a good crop. Land needs to be covered with a crop all 

 the time; we do not think clover seed expensive; we can always 

 make as much as we need and have some to sell. There is one 

 thing the farmer must never forget in this course of farming; that 

 is, to use lime as I have recommended, every year, upon one por- 

 tion of the farm." 



Mr. John G. Bergen. — Although I approve of the system of 

 rotation in farming, and the growth of clover as a fertilizer, there 

 are localities where it cannot be adopted to any extent, and where 

 it is not a necessity. Such is the case among the market garden- 

 ers around New York. I know one field upon which cucumbers 

 have been grown 35 years. All that is wanted is manure. Here 

 the farmer cannot afford to wait its growth and decay in the soil ; 

 he must buy it and apply it liberally. 



Mr. P. T. Quinn. — I have cultivated land, without rest, steadily 

 for sixteen years. I do not attempt to do so without manure. I 

 cannot aflbrd that. JNIy land is better now than it was at first. 

 I cannot afford to grow clover ; a crop of which is worth $30. I 

 can buy manure and grow other crops more profitably. 



