420 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



manure we have plenty of muck, which belongs to Mr. Landis; 

 we get it free. We haul from a few rods to three miles; marl 

 costs $1.80 a ton; shell lime 14^ cents a bushel, and stone lime 

 29 cents. Ten tons of marl to an acre', once in five years, will bring 

 good crops. I have not had much experience in grass. % raise oats 

 to feed green to my cow and horse. Grass is not natural to the soil — 

 does not si'ow unless sowed. A man who has lived there eighteen 

 years raised two tons and a half to the acre; a part of it was 

 weighed, the rest guessed at. He raises twenty bushels of wheat 

 and sixty bushels of corn to the acre. I have now 16^ acres, but 

 expect I have sold ten acres. The people who left did not like to 

 work before they came, and they did not likfe it any better there. 

 I have refused $7,000 for six acres; of course I have fair improve- 

 ments. 



Mr. Quin. — You seem to be getting rich by selling places at 

 high prices. I want to know if people get forehanded by stick- 

 ing to work, the same as they do ofl' west. 



Mr. Howe. — Yes. I know of no other locality I like so well; 

 no people are more enterprising or intelligent. I do not wish to 

 go back to New Hampshire. I have worked among the rocks 

 there long: enough. 



Mr. Horace Greeley. — I went to Vineland and came back at 

 my own expense. I wanted to see for m3'self, and I looked it over 

 carcfullj'. I found the soil better than the average of Long Island 

 land. It has more clay in it than the average of land of the ocean 

 deposit. It is easily cultivated. They have a most refined, intel- 

 ligent, and temperate people. They have a great advantage in 

 agreeing not to build fences. The way in which my speech was 

 reported on Vineland was not to my mind. We may grant that 

 what has been said here is all true, but any acre of that land 

 requires forty tons of marl, and to this should be added $100 

 worth of other manures. This was the statement I made, and I 

 was reported as sajdng little manure is required. Then I would 

 plow deep, two feet if possible, and plant to strawberries, rasp- 

 berries, and other small fruits, and the land will be worth $300 

 an aoi-e. My general complaint is that they convey the idea that 

 only a little manure is required. It is true that by this process 

 something may be raised, but in a few years the soil will be ex- 

 hausted. Let us meet this case — let them meet it in a proper 

 way — that is, adopt a system of high cultivation. If the}'' do it 

 they will succeed. Now, I would like to hear from Mr. Quiun, 

 who is a better farmer than I am. 



