PROCEEDINGS OF THE POLYTECHNIC ASSOCIATION. 553 



formed in the tube, which took tire, and by rapid explosions 

 caused a whistling sound. 



Classification of Petroleum Distillations. 

 By request, Dr. Vanderweyde wrote upon the black-board the 

 foHowing table, in which the hydro-carbons passing off between 

 various deijrees of heat are desio-nated, the first named beino; a 

 gas at ordinary temperature, which he has compressed to a liquid 

 for the purpose of producing cold, by its evaporation or expan- 

 sion, and has been distinguished by the term Chiraogene. The 

 first contains the highest temperature up to which body escape?; 

 the second its name; the third, its gravity, according to Baume's 

 hydrometer; the fourth, its specific gravity; and the last, the lim- 

 its of its boiling points on the Fahrenheit scale. 



Scale. B. P. 



At 70" we have Chimogeiie.gr. 95 to 100. Sp. gr. 0,59 to 0.61 . . 20 to 60 



At 120° we have Rhigoleiie.gr. 90 to 95.Sp. gr. 0.62 to 0.60. . 60 to 90 



At nO« we have Gasoline., gr. 80 to 90.Sp. gr. 0.63 to 0.62.. 90 to 120 



At 230° we have Naphtha, .gr. 70 to 80. Sp. gr. 0.67 to 0.63. .120 to 150 



At 300° we have Benzine, .gr. 60 to 70.Sp. gr. 0.73 to 0.67. .150 to 200 



At 400° we have 1: Kerosene g. 50 to 60. Sp. gr. 0.73 to 0.73. .200 to 240 



At 500° we have 2: Kerosene g. 40 to 50.Sp.gr. 0.82 to 0.78. .240 to 280 



At 600° we have 3: heavy K.g. 30 to 40.Sp. gr. 0.86 to 0.82. .280 to 300 



At 700° we have ) c i-i ve- i -n • 4.- 



A i oAAo I r Solid paraiiiiie and illuminating gas. 

 At 800° we have ) ^ 



It must be remarked that the three lightest products cannot be 

 separated from the heavier, by one single operation, but require 

 repeated distillations; the same as is the case in separating strong 

 alcohol from fermented liquors. Also that the temperature re- 

 quired to separate or move volatile products from a less volatile is 

 higher than the boiling point of the more volatile product, when 

 once separated; so it is seen in the above table, that it takes 170° 

 to separate gasoline from the petroleum; yet the gasoline itself 

 will boil at from 50° to 60° lower temperature, and so for all the 

 others. 



An interesting; discussion followed on retainino- the common 

 names of these products, and the confusion of meaning now exist- 

 ing in relation to such terms as gasoline, naptha, benzine, benzole, 

 etc. After which, the Association adjourned. 



