PROCEEDINGS OF THE POLYTECHriO ASSOCIATION. G19 



show its fallacy by reference to experiments with cows. The 

 authors, although agreeing with the conclusions of H. v. Liebig, 

 thought his data were inadequate. They exhibited numerous 

 tables showing the results of their experiments with pigs, from 

 which the following conclusions were drawn : 



1. That certainly a large proportion of the fat of the herbi- 

 vora, fattened for human food, must be derived from other sub- 

 substances than fat in the food. 2. That when such animals were 

 fed on the most appropriate fattening food, much of the stored-up 

 fat must be produced from carbohydrates. 3. That the nitroge- 

 nous constituents nlay also serve as a source of fat, more esi>€- 

 cially in defect of a liberal supply of the non-nitrogenous ones. 



WoEK Done in Rowing. 



The work done by the crew of the prize-boat, at the last Oxford 

 and Cambridge boat-race, has been calculated by Prof. Samuel 

 Haughton, F. E. S., from the following data : 



Length of boat „ 56 feet. 



Greatest width amidships 2 feet. 



Greatest depth > 12-| inches. 



Thickness of plank | of an inch. 



Weight, including oars, &c -- 350 lbs. 



8 men, average weight of each 158 lbs. 



Weight of coxswain 112 lbs. 



Length of course, one knot, rowed in seven minutes. 



He found the total work done was 224.57 foot-tons. The work 

 done per man was 28.07 foot-tons in seven minutes, and 4.01 per 

 minute. The power was applied through oars traversing in. the 

 water eight feet ; the short arm or handles of each oar being three 

 feet five inches, and the long arm nine feet. The distance from 

 the stretcher to the seat was about 3 feet. 



A good idea may be formed of the rate at which the muscles 

 give out work in a boat-race, from comparing the work Avith the 

 average daily work of a laborer. At most kinds of labor there are 

 100 foot-tons of work accomplished in ten hours. In a boat-race 

 the oarsman produces in one mimde the hundredth part of his 

 day's labor, and if he could continue work at the same rate he 

 could finish his task in one hour and forty minutes, instead of the 

 customary ten hours. 



