738 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



the plate is hammered until the holes disappear, and then it is 

 boiled in the above named solution. 



4. Brasses [sin chu). — The first quality consists of 10 parts of 

 copper and five of zinc. A lower quality of 10 parts of copper 

 and 2.7 of zinc. 



5. Kara Kane (bell metal). — First quality, copper 10 parts, tin 

 four, iron five, zinc 1.5. Second quality, copper 10, tin 2.5, lead 

 1.33, zinc five. Third quality, copper 10, tin three, lead two, iron 

 five, zinc one. Fourth quality, copper 10, tin two, lead two. In 

 forming bell metals, the copper is first melted, and the other metals 

 are added in the order stated. The best small bells are made of 

 the first quality, and large bells generally of the third. 



6. Solders. — For bell metal, brass 20, copper 10, tin 15. For 

 brass 10, copper 1.5, zinc six. For silver, silver 10, brass five or 

 three. For " quarter silver," silver 10, brass five, zinc three. For 

 mokume, silver 10, brass 1.5. For shakdo, fine shakdo three, zinc 

 10. For tin, lead five, tin 10. The brass used in these solders is 

 of the first quality. 



The Japanese articles having a bright red surface, which are 

 sometimes brought to this country, have been supposed to be 

 either a lacquer or an enamel. They are, in fact, made of copper 

 containing red oxide through the entire mass ; after receiving a 

 high polish, they are boiled in the solution first mentioned. 



Elastic Paper. 

 The chairman presented a specimen of elastic paper, the inven- 

 tion of Mr. A. T. Dennison, of Mechanic Falls, Maine. The 

 elasticity was given to the paper by passing it through fine fluted 

 rollers, which corrugate it. 



Stateless Barrel. 

 Mr. Mayo's staveless barrel was next exhibited. It was com- 

 posed of some 15 pieces of veneer wood. These thin sheets of 

 wood were wound spirally, and the grain of each piece made to 

 cross the other at right angles. The machine for sawing these 

 thin boards will cut some 60,000 feet of the rough timber a day. 

 The barrel is made on a form, the inside first, and each piece 

 crosses the other spirally, the next piece being reversed, and so 

 on to any required thickness. Each layer of wood is firmly glued 

 to the other. The glue not being acted on by oil makes the bar- 

 rel adapted for holding petroleum. No hoops are used on the 

 outside, but on the inside; thus making a radical change in barrel 



