PROCEEDINGS OF THE POLYTECHNIC ASSOCIATION. 777 



lu others the " Maumene process," or the sj'stem of cold defe- 

 cation is employed. 



lu others the syrup of the beets is " strengthened by the addi- 

 tion of sugar, and a refined loaf is produced directly from the 

 beet. 



In some establishments the old-fashioned "scum press," worked 

 by hand, is seen, while others have " hydraulic scum presses." 

 A score of difterent methods are employed in various parts of 

 Europe for treatment of the "scum." 



In my judgment, however, incomparably the best process is the 

 system of " double carbonitation," so called, of Perier and Possoz. 



This method reduces the quantity of bone-black required to a 

 very small amount, allowing the beets to be worked later in the 

 spring, producing a larger percentage of sugar, of better Quality 

 and at lower cost, than by any other method. 



Taken in conjuction with the " hydraulic press," " RiedeFs filter 

 press," for the treatmeiit of scums, the " carbonitation trouble," 

 and, possibly, the •' Joly rasp," it leaves little to be desired, and 

 is the one that I heartily recommend for adoption. 



In France the expense of manufacturing raw sugar, including 

 the cost of the beets, varies from three to four cents per pound. 



The average expenses of converting 1,000 tons of beets into 

 sugar by the best processes are about as follows, not including 

 taxes or interest on capital : 



1,000 tons beets at $3.80 $3,800 



Coal, 120 tons, at $3.00 360 



Bone-black waste 300 



Sacks for pulp, 250, at 70 cents 175 



Labor, 220 men 5 days at 70 cents 770 



Administration and salaries 200 



Lighting - 50 



General expenses, insurance 250 



Lime, metals, rasp blades, repairs, &c ,..,.« 845 



$6,750 

 From this is to be deducted, say 200 tons pulp at 



$2.50 $500 



Thirty tons molasses at $22 660 



1,160 



Leaving, as total cost of working, 1,000 tons beets $5,590 



