798 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



parativel}^ small, it is impossible to make sugar from cane in the 

 United States so cheaply as it can be made from beets. 



And that at present prices beet sugar can be manufactured in 

 this country at a profit of from eighty to one hundred per cent. 



By -the new internal revenue law beet sugar enjoj^s a protection 

 over the sugar of the cane of from one to two cents per poimd in 

 currency. 



Duties on foreign sus^ars are from three to four and a half cents 

 per pound in gold. 



The necessities of government, and the very apparent advan- 

 tages arising from introducino- the maiuifacture of beet sugar into 

 this countrj', render it probable that the protection now accorded 

 will be maintained for the present. 



The cost of transportation from the seaboard to Illinois is an 

 additional protection on sugar raised in Illinois of about one cent 

 per pound. 



The amount of beets raised in France in 1865 could not have 

 been, on 297,000 acres of land, less than 5,000,000 tons, producing 

 at least 1,000,000 tons of pulp — an amount sufficient to feed 90,000 

 cattle or nearly 1,000,000 sheep for one year, or to fatten in the 

 winter months nearly three times that number. It also furnished 

 agriculture with more than 1,500,000 tons of manure. In an agri- 

 cultural point of view, the eflect produced by the culture of so 

 much land in beets, and the application of the manure of so many 

 cattle, wdth the consequent increase in the amount and value of 

 subsequent crops, is perfectly apparent. The quality of wheat 

 raised after beets is better than that usually produced; the ears 

 are larger and heavier, the straw stronger, and not so liable to 

 lodge. The berry is larger and brighter; its specific gravity is 

 also greater, weighing from two to three pounds per bushel more 

 than ordinary wheat. 



But these effects are not all, even of those having an agricul- 

 tural bearing, which the great industry produces. They are not 

 confined to the comparatively narrow circle that surrounds the 

 fcictory, in v/hich are expended for beets and for labor large sums 

 that foster industry, and scatter plenty in the surrounding villages. 

 The distribution of these large amounts for labor and for the crop 

 opens a better market for the productions of other branches of 

 industry, agricultural, mechanical, manufacturing, mining, and 

 commercial. 



To till the land and consume the pulp, many horses, as well as 



