IfiO 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



Mar. 1 



and other species of them under several 

 names, and several running into varieties, 

 so that the nomenclature has become very 

 uncomfortably mixed, and we are not at all 

 sure by the name given to what species it 

 belongs. Nurserymen do not appear to be 

 as particular as they should in giving the 

 correct botanical name of plants they propa- 

 gate. 



Now let us see if we can bring order out 

 of confusion. Let us first take our Ameri- 

 can lindens cut up into three species: 



1. Tilia Americana (also known as Tilia 

 Caroliniana, American lir.den, or basswood, 

 which is too well known to need full de- 

 scription. It should be mentioned, however, 

 that it is quite variable in its hab't, size, 

 shape of leaves, color of bark, and also time 

 of bloom. Two varieties of this species are 

 known as Tilia macrophylla a large-leaved 

 variety, and Tilia moltkei, a very large-leaved 

 strong- growing form that originated in cul- 

 tivation in Europe. This species is found 

 through the northern States from Maine to 

 Minnesota. 



2. Tilia heterophylla (also known as Tilia 

 alba) . This tree attains a height of 70 feet; 

 has large leaves from five to eight inches 

 long, smooth and shining above, whitish and 

 tomentose beneath, wtth fruit globular, 

 not ribbed; blossoms in July. Its home is 

 in the AUeghenies and westward. This 

 species has been sent out as Tilia macrophyl- 

 la, thus confounding it with Tilia Americana. 



3. Tilia pubescens (also known as Tilia 

 Americana, var. pubescens), as it is similar to 

 Tilia Americana; but it is a smaller tree with 

 its winter buds, finely pubescent leaves 

 smaller, obliquely truncate at the base; gla- 

 bious above, pubescent beneath; floral 

 bract rounded at the base, fruit globose. 

 This species is found from Long I&land to 

 Florida, and west to Texas. It is less orna- 

 menial than the other native species, and is 

 rarely found in cultivation. 



EUROPEAN SPECIES. 



1. Tilia petiolaris, also known as Tilia 

 Americana, var. pendula; in horticulture as 

 Tilia argentea, var. pendula and Tilia alba, 

 var. pendula; also as Tilia pendula. 



SILVER LINDEN AND WEEPING LINDEN. 



This is a medium-sized species with slen- 

 der, somewhat pendulous branches; leaves 

 pale green above; silvery, and finely tomen- 

 tose underneath; 3 to 5 inches long; pttiole 

 slender, as long as the blade; blooms in July; 

 from eastern Europe; said to be one of the 

 best of the European kinds. 



2. Tilia tomentosa, also known as Tilia ar- 

 gentea, Tilia alba, Tilia alba, var. Spectabulis, 

 also Tilia alba pyramidalis, white or silver 

 linden, and is the larger white or silver lin- 

 den of Europe, growing sume 40 feet high, 

 having a rather dense pyramidal head, leaves 

 subort)icular, 3 to 5 incties across, unequally 

 cordate, serrate, densely white tomentose 

 beneath, with blade from 2 to 4 times as long 

 as petiole; fruit slightly ribbed and tomen- 

 tose. Time of bloom very variable. This 

 species is from eastern Europe, is quite dis- 



tinct, and is known as the white lime of 

 Europe, and is doubtless the same kind men- 

 tioned by A. 1. Root on page 442. 



3. Tilia platyphyllus, sometimes known as 

 Tilia grandi^olia. This is the broad-leaved 

 linden of European plantations, and sup- 

 posed to be the largest, reaching 90 feet m 

 height. Leaves are large, green, pubescent 

 often on the upper side to some extent, un- 

 equally cordate, petioles and veins hairy; 

 fruit 5 rarely 4 angled, tomentose, and thicK- 

 shelled. This species is often sold in this 

 country as Tilia Europce. This species is 

 very variable, producing several well defined 

 varieties — rubra, with bark of branches verv 

 red ; pyramidalis, an upright grower with 

 reddish shoots; aurea or sulphurea, with 

 yellow bark or branches; laciniate or lacini- 

 ate rubre with deeply cut leaves and reddish 

 young bark; also vitifolia, vine-leaved. 



To us the most interesting thing about this 

 species is that it blossoms some two or three 

 weeks before our American species, and is 

 the earliest to blossom of any species of lin- 

 den so far as I am able to learn. 



4. Tilia vulgaris, also known as Tilia Eu- 

 ropea. This species grows nearly as large 

 as Tilia platyphylus; has large unequal or 

 oblique cordate leaves; smooth and green 

 on both sides; tufts of hairs in axils of veins 

 whitish; fruit globose or oval, tomentose; 

 shell thick, and blossoms a week or ten days 

 before our Tilia Americana. This is said to 

 be the celebrated species of Berlin, and is 

 often sold in this country as Tilia Europea. 



5. Tilia ulmifolia, also known as Tilia cor- 

 date, Tilia parvifolia, Tilia Sibirica, Tilia Eu- 

 ropea, anil Tilia microphylla. It is of slower 

 growth, and usually a smaller tree than Tilia 

 platyphyllus; leaves small, thin, cordate, 

 green above, silvery beneath, with tutts of 

 rusty hairs in the axils of the veins; fruit 

 globose, sometimes slightly ribbed, and very 

 thin shelled. It is of special interest to us 

 from I he fact that it is very late in flowering 

 — probably ten days or two weeks later than 

 our American species. 



6. Tilia dasystyla, or Crimean linden, is de- 

 scribed as leaves tough and leathery, dark 

 glassy green above, pale beneath, with tufts 

 of brown hairs in the axils of the principal 

 veins; bark of young branches bright green; 

 leaves often obliquely truncate at the base; 

 native of Eastern Europe an i Western Asia. 



ASIATIC SPECIES. 



1. Tilia Mongolica is described as a slen- 

 der tree with very small orbicular or ovate 

 leaves, truncate at the base, usuallj^ three- 

 lobed, cuspidate, coarsely serrate, with acu- 

 minate teeth, glaucous beneath, or green, 

 on vigorous shoots; lyme rather dense, with 

 stalk naked at the base — native of Eastern 

 Asia. 



2. Tilia Mandshuria—a. tree attaining 50 

 feet, with spreading (often somewhat pen- 

 dulous) branches, leaves large, from 5 to 8 

 inches long; obicular to broadly ovate; cor- 

 date or truncate at the base; raiher ruarsely 

 serrate with spreading teeth, flor 1 bract al- 

 most adnate nearly to the base of the pedun- 

 cle; fruit globose, thick-shelled; five furrows 



