1910 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



248 



read it carefully. We are not sure but that 

 bee-keepers can afford to buy it and loan it 

 out to their fruit-growing neighbors. For 

 the present, at least, we can not forbear 

 copying a portion of chapter 11, entitled 

 "The Insect Campaign." Under the head 

 of " Codling Moth," the worm that so oft- 

 en turns one's stomach as he bites into an 

 apparently sound apple, he says: 



This is one of the best known and most widely dis- 

 tributed enemies of the apple. Newly settled dis- 

 tricts have nearly always enjoyed a temporary im- 

 munity from this pest, but experience has shown 

 that the moth can not long be kept out of any com- 

 mercial apple- growing district. Apparently the 

 ravages of the codling moth are more serious in 

 central and southern latitudes, where two or three, 

 or even as many as four, broods are hatched in a 

 year. However, the campaign against this insect 

 is an annual one, and has to be fought in practical- 

 ly all the commercial orchards in the country. 



The principal preventive of damage is the spray- 

 pump, using poison sprays. Paris green is largely 

 used at the present time, but is being generally sup- 

 planted by lead arsenate. Thorough spraying at the 

 right time with these insecticides will very greatly 

 reduce the percentage of damage. Indeed, in many 

 cases the work of the insect is practically eliminat- 

 ed. As in dealing with every other insect or fun- 

 govis pest, thorough spraying at the proper time is 

 highly essential. The proper time in this case is 

 within one week to ten days after the falling of the 

 blossoms. A longer delay can not be made with 

 safety. After about 10 days the calyx, or blossom 

 leaves of the young apple, close and the apple turns 

 to a pendant position. Before this time the newly 

 set fruit stands erect with the calyx lobes open. A 

 poison spray properly distributed falls into this ca- 

 lyx cup and the poison lodges there. As many of 

 the young larvse enter the apple by eating in at this 

 blossom end they secure with their first meal a 

 taste of poison which usually prevents any further 

 apple-eating on their part. 



Speciitl attentinii should be called to the fact that ap- 

 l)le-trecs shtnihl not be .wrayed rchile in blossom. 

 Sprajjiii!/ lit this time is not iihviii/s totall/j uithout 

 raliie. Init in niiiny instiini'es it is not onty unnecessary, 

 liut eren highly dani/emus to the crop. Under all cir- 

 cumstances it is very likely to poison the bees workiny 

 on the apple-blossoins. This sort of dainage is far- 

 reachiny in iniiny cases; and as the bee is one of the 

 fruit-a rower's best friends ire can not afford to murder 

 irhole swarms in tliis way. 



This early sjiraying, just after the blossoms fall, 

 will not usually catch quite all the codling moth, 

 even all the first brood. When the second or third 

 brood hatches later in the year a still smaller per- 

 centage can be poisoned by the arsenical sprays. 

 Nevertheless it pays to give additional sprayings 

 for this purpose in case the second and third broods 

 appear to be large. 



Note the special })aragrai)h in italics, 

 which are ours. 



The price of the book is $1.00 postpaid. It 

 can be obtained of the publishers, Orange 

 .ludd Co., of New York, or of us. 



AUTOMOBILES FOR OUTYARD WORK. 



Quite a large number are asking when 

 we are going to give that extended article 

 on automobiles, especially the article describ- 

 ing the machine or machines that will be 

 most suitable for bee-keepers' use. 



We have been gathering data from a good 

 many sources, and hope to have ere long an 

 article by which one can make a wise selec- 

 tion of a machine. W^e have no agency, 

 and no ax to grind, and therefore shall look 

 up machines that have ea7-ned a reputation 

 for reliability and economy of up-keep, as 

 well as low first cost. For the benefit of 

 some of our readers who can not wait, a*pre- 

 liminary statement should be made. In the 



mean time the Brush, made by the Brush 

 Runabout Co., of Detroit, costing $485, we 

 believe to be a thoroughly reliable little car. 

 The Reos — one, two, and four cylinder — are 

 all first-class. We have had one and two 

 cylinder machines in operation for the last 

 three or four years. Cost of maintenance of 

 two-cylinder touring-car, capable of carry- 

 ing five passengers, has been less than $50.00 

 a year, taking into account adjustment, re- 

 pairs, and tires. This, of course, did not in- 

 clude gasoline, which will be from 12 to 15 

 miles per gallon for this tyi)e of car. The 

 runabout Reo and the Brush will average, 

 probably, from 20 to 25 miles to the gallon; 

 indeed, the Brush has been known to make 

 even 30 miles on a single gallon. While 

 these $500 cars carry only two passengers, a 

 little wagon-box can be extemporized on the 

 back to carry light freight. The Ford is al- 

 so an excellent machine for the money. The 

 Brush, Ford, and the Reos are pneumatic- 

 tired outfits. 



For all kinds of roads, especially mud, 

 slippery mud, bad sand, we do not know of 

 any thing better than the ungainly looking 

 high-wheeled automobiles, with solid-ruli- 

 ber tires. This type of machine is usually 

 not as well designed or built as those having 

 pneumatic tires; but the one made by the 

 International Harvester CoiBpany, of Ak- 

 ron, Ohio, bears an excellent reputation. 

 The particular advantage of high wheels and 

 solid tires is that the cost of tires is a very 

 small item. There are no repairs on the 

 road, no punctures, and these high buggy- 

 wheels will run in mud as well as any com- 

 mon horse-drawn buggy; will not skid nor 

 slip, as we know from some practical dem- 

 onstrations that we have seen. The ])neu- 

 matic-tired machines, while they can be 

 be made to negotiate mud, are not primari- 

 ly mud-going machines. Do not let any 

 agent or dealer try to convince you that he 

 has an air-tired auto that will go in mud as 

 easily and with as little danger as a common 

 buggy. The facts are, pneumatic-tired ma- 

 chines slip and skid badly in thin mud, and 

 it is a little dangerous to drive them along 

 roads slanting toward a ditch or an embank- 

 ment. On the other hand, the self-propel- 

 led buggies will negotiate roads slightly 

 muddy about a,s well as roads that are dry 

 or dusty. For year in and year out we are 

 convinced that, if tvell built, they are com- 

 ing to stay. They are awkward-looking, ito 

 be sure, and are not in keeping with the 

 general styles of the pneumatic-tired low- 

 wheeled machines, nor are they as fast. Un- 

 fortunately, quite a number of high-wheel- 

 ed machines are poorly built and worse de- 

 signed. Look out for all such, unless you 

 want to pay a big rejjair bill and keep tin- 

 kering on the road. As soon as we can learn 

 what buggy-type machines are reliable we 

 will give a list of them. In the mean time 

 we are safe, we think, in recommending the 

 machine made by the International Har- 

 vester Co., of Akron, O. It is made in a 

 large factory that is turning them out by 

 the thousands. 



