•J")4 



(iLi:AM.\(is IN ki:k (1 i;ri itK 



Al'H. lo 



ill the act of securing nectar, and tlien 

 l>asses over to ii of a flower of tlie same 

 species. Here t lie iiolien is gone from the 

 anthers, but the pistil has straightened out 

 and the stigma is ripe 

 to receive the i)ollen 

 that the hee brings 

 to it from the anthers 

 of A of the other liios- 

 som of the same plant. 

 It will be api)arent in 

 this i)articular case, 

 unless insects, partic- 

 ularly the bee. carry 

 the pollen from A to 

 )?. there will be no 

 fertilization of the 

 ])lant, and the bloom 

 will die without fruit. 

 In Fig. 5 we have 

 another case no less remarkable of a near 

 relative of rhododendron and azaleas. The 

 filaments bearing the anthers are curved 

 downward, the anthers themselves ajijiear- 

 ing to be held in little jiockets of the llower. 

 Ajijiarently they have no ])ower of their own 

 to release themselves. But a bee comes 

 along, alights on the l)lossom. and as it 



in cross-sectional drawing of B. The an- 

 thers and the stigma both touch the bee on 

 the under side of the waist where there is a 

 good deal of hair. The result is thai pow- 



-I'Al'Il.lDNACKOrS Bi 



DSSOMS. AND THKIK M 

 — C/ies/iirr. 



:thi)1) ok Kektili/ation. 



-l{ASrBKKKY (lU'BV'S lUAKV^. {)rdei- U'i.i'lrf'<l't UK 

 l-'EKTII,IZED. AND SKCTION OF SAMK. — f 7lP.s7l//-i». 



reaches around for the nectar jars these fil- 

 aments loose, when they immediately fly 

 u])ward, dusting the bees with ])olleii. This 

 l)ollen now on the bee may fertilize the 

 stigma or jiistil of B: l)ut as the bee goes 

 from llower to llower the pollen is niixecl, for 

 it releases all the anthers, so that 

 other insect visitation will contin- 

 ue on the process of cross-pollina- 

 tion. We ha\e familiar cases of 

 these anchored-<lowii anthers in 

 the rhododendrons, azaleas, and 

 some of the swamp laurels. 'I'hey 

 areall honey-plants, l)ut t he honey 

 is said to he |)oisonous. 



In Fig. () we have a familiar 

 blossom of the pea and l)ean. (»r 

 technically known as i)apiliona- 

 ceous (lowers. At (' we iiotice em- , _ 

 bryo V)ean or jiea jiod. -At r/ we '■ "••'<•— 

 see the anthers and .s the stigma. 

 This whole thing is co\ ered Ijy a sort of 

 wings, '{"he bee comes along, jiries them 

 ai)art. and readies for the nectar as shown 



der is dusted on thewaisl of the bee; and as 

 it goes from one llower to another, it min- 

 gles the ])ollen and dusts it o\ er the stigma. 

 The general shajie of the llower is such that 

 the wind could hardly accomjjlish much in 

 the way of cross-fertilization, and apparent- 

 ly the liee has to exert some strength in 

 forcing a|)art the wings of the corolla in or- 

 der to get its coveted nectar. 



In Fig. 7 we have the familiar rasj)- 

 berry blossom. This is a case of 

 where there is very little color but 

 considerable i)olleii and nectar to at- 

 tract the bees. The anthers and pis- 

 tils sejjarated from each other a])pear 

 in large numbers on each lilossom. 

 The bee alights on the head and 

 reaches down for the nectar. As it 

 does so, it brushes against the large 

 number of anthers and ])istils. In 

 doing so it mingles the jiollen. fer- 

 tilizing the llower with its own ])olleii 

 and with the ]>ollen from other i)lants. 

 In Fig. s we ha\e the familiar e\- 

 ami)le of the ai)ple-blossom. Note 

 there are five stigmas and ten anthers. 

 In many varieties of the ait|)le. jiear. 

 plum, the (lowers are sterile to their 

 |)ollen; but, as Fletcher points out. 

 they can be fecundated readily with jioUen 

 from (lowers growing on another tree of the 

 ^^'e therefore see how \ery 

 to ha\e insects. es])eciall\' 



and 

 own 



same species, 

 iiiiporlant it 



ri.K I I'vurs Masts. ( iidcr Jiuxnccirt Hi.ossoM. am> 



SKCTION OK VMXlT. — C/irs/iirr. 



l)ees. to carry on this most important work 

 of cross- pollination, without wliich there 

 will l)e imi)erfecl or no fruit at all. Many 



