1910 



U LEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



657 



A. rtngele's apiary, sierra madre, cal., close to the foot hills of the moun- 

 tains. 



Mrs. Acklin described this apiary in " Bee-keeping in Southern California," page 405, July 1. 



lill long into the summer, most of it being 

 melted out of the woods in average years l^y 

 July 15. The preservation of the forests is 

 a very vital element in the future of irriga- 

 tion; and unless the denuded areas are re- 

 planted otir water sujjiily will be greatly 

 lessened. The water flowing from the 

 mountains in April and May is not used 

 unless caught in reservoirs, and so is lost. 

 The cheapest reservoirs are the one's nature 

 provides, and they are also subject to the 

 least loss. More than a foot of water will 

 evaporate from the top of a storage reservoir 

 in the valley while the loss from a snow- 

 bank will be very much less, and does not 

 entail the expense of building a dam and 

 i-eeping up imiirovements. 



The roughness of the ground in the moun- 

 tains saves a large proportion of the snow 

 because of its blowing into deep drifts. 

 This blowing and sliding of the snow into 

 the ravines is seen in the upper pictiue, 

 looking across the ice and snow on Silver 

 I^ake toward the woods on the slopes and 

 the high craggy peaks of the range. These 

 peaks are the " Arapahoes," and the large 

 hollow in the upper central part of the pic- 

 ture is the Arapahoe Glacier, the only true 

 glacier in Colorado. This glacier furnishes 

 r^oulder with its water, and is the principal 

 source for the water in the lake shown, 

 which is a true glacial lake, owned by the 

 city of Boulder, and is one of the reservoirs 

 for the Boulder water supply. Much of the 

 water flowing from the lake, however, is 

 used for irrigation, as the water was filed 

 upon before the lake was acquired by the 

 city. 



The pictures were tskgn about March lo, 



1910; and though the snowfall was below 

 normal for the year, the general character- 

 istics of the snow storage are shown. The 

 snowfall after March 15 was very consider- 

 able; but many claim that these late snows 

 do not become settled and jmcked the way 

 they should to last till late summer. This 

 soft unpacked snow melts off early in the 

 season, and also tends to carry with it the 

 hard-i)acked ice-snow. 



The upper view shows the Arapahoe gla- 

 cier with Silver Lake in the foreground; 

 also some of the timber which aids so much 

 in preventing the snow from melting off 

 early in the season. 



The second one gi\ es an idea of the way 

 the snow drifts into the depressions up 

 above the timber-line. Notice that there is 

 nothing but a few shrubs growing, and 

 these keep close to the ground. 



The effect of the timber in causing the 

 drifting of the snow to a great depth is 

 shown in the lower picture. This place, 

 however, is a natural depression; and the 

 timber shown at the back of the drift is not 

 entirely responsible for its great depth. 



The first two views were taken March 15, 

 1910, and the other was taken .Tune 30, 1909, 

 win -h was a year of exceptional snowfall. 



The snowfall in the lower foot-hills, while 

 accumulating in the woods, melts off very 

 early, and so does not benefit the farmers in 

 their late irrigations unless caught and 

 stored in reservoirs. 



The means that must be adopted to con- 

 serve all the available water supply are 

 l)rincipally three. First in importance is 

 the preservation and replanting of the de- 

 forested areas. This is also of paramount 



