42 The Canadian Horticulturist. 



operator to slide it along from bush to bush, as shown in Fig. 903. A long 

 wire hook is used to pull the bushes over the tray or to lift up the fallen canes, 

 whilst with the other hand the operator deftly cuffs off the berries with a paddle 

 of wood or of wire covered with canvas and about the size of a butter ladle. 



The harvester is used only for the gathering of berries which are to be 

 evaporated. The berries are allowed to become fully ripe, so that they fall 

 easily, and the patch is gone over about three times. Much litter falls with the 

 berries, but this is easily removed by running the dried fruit through a fanning 

 mill. Few growers use the harvester exclusively. It is often brought into 

 requisition at the last picking and it also has a most stimulating effect upon a 

 lot of disaffected berry pickers. — Professor Bailey, in Cornell Bulletin, No. 100. 



RASPBERRY CULTURE IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO. 



N article on " Raspberry Culture at Tiverton in Northern Ontario " 

 appears in the January Number of 1896. I do not know how 

 extensive the raspberry fields are at Tiverton, but the practice there 

 differs from ours. Plants 6x6 feet might give plenty of fruit, but 

 their cultivation would be dearer, not cheaper. Canes at smaller 

 distances will often shade the whole ground, and this keeps down 

 weeds. We shorten the laterals if they interfere too much with 

 cultivation. We plant deeper than one inch. We use a furrow and plant two, 

 three or four inches deep at the outset ; cultivation increases the depth. Mr. 

 Cameron, the writer, ceases to cultivate when the fruit begins to set. As this 

 occurs pretty early in June, and in a late wet spring the cultivator would not 

 start till late in May, the expense for cultivation must be very light. The crop 

 of fruit would be light too. The crop of weeds would make up the deficiency. 

 With us, if the land was any good, a firm sod would soon be established. 



Mr. Cameron will find that the cultivation which is good for the canes the 

 first year is good for the canes each succeeding year. In my own case I culti- 

 vate until the fruit ripens. During the few weeks of the picking season cultiva- 

 tion is not practicable. So soon as picking is done cultivation is resumed. We 

 always stop cultivating in November or December when the ground freezes 

 hard. A shallow, late autumn plowing is admissable. The cultivator, in 

 passing across the rows, as well as the outward pull of the hoe, will soon restore 

 the level which is desirable. I plant 4x6 feet ; with frequent cultivation length- 

 wise and crosswise of the rows, not much hoeing is needed. After August or 

 early September I do not shorten in the canes while the season of growth lasts. 

 They may be shortened in during November when the growth has ceased, if 

 they interfere with plowing. 



Niagara Falls South. E. Morden. 



