The Canadian Horticulturist. 387 



the weeds under the trees. A plow is not very satisfactory. It cannot be used 

 under the trees without danger of barking them ; it does not leave the ground 

 level and must be followed by some other tool to smooth down the ridges. The 

 other tools mentioned do not throw dirt enough to form a ridge either at the 

 trees or in the space between ; either of which would not be desirable. 



In the selection of modes of cultivation, above all things use horse power, 

 as it will not pay to do much hand work. Quinces are very subject to the 

 ravages of the borer, the eggs of which are laid by a moth in the spring at the 

 base of the tree. When hatched, the young grubs bore into the tree and there 

 remain, feeding on the sap, wood and bark until full grown. If not protected 

 from its ravages the tree will be killed. No perfectly sure preventive has yet 

 been devised, although several methods have been used that are helps. One is 

 to mound up the earth around the base of the tree in the spring. Leave it 

 until the moth has deposited her eggs, then remove it ; which will generally 

 remove the eggs and small grubs and cause them to be killed by the hot sun. 

 Another method is to smear the base of the tree with coal tar or other prepara- 

 tion, that will repel the moth and kill the eggs and lar\'ge. Sometimes a mound 

 of ashes around and close against the tree answers admirably. But when once 

 in the tree it is best to kill them by knife and wire if possible, even at the risk 

 of some damage to the trees, as their presence there in any considerable 

 numbers means great injury to and final death of the trees. 



Rotten chips from the wood, the ashes from the house, manure from the 

 pig-pen, cow-stable or barnyard are all valuable fertilizers. If the orchard is 

 large, or the soil not as good as desired, these can be pieced out with com- 

 mercial fertilizer ; all put on broadcast and harrowed in. Salt is sometimes 

 recommended, but in the experiment I have made mth it I could discover no 

 appreciable benefit. Of varieties, I have had best success with the Orange and 

 Old Pear, although Champion and Meechs' Prolific are both good. — T. E. 

 Goodrich, Union Co., 111. 



THE LAWRENCE PEAR. 



Many Eastern pomologists are fond of building up their faith with Beurre 

 d' Anjou for their corner stone. While nothing can be said against this 

 excellent variety, as time goes by, the impression of many growers in this part 

 of the country is that the Lawrence is second to none for the purpose. It 

 would be a loss to be bound down to but two or three kinds of pears, and no 

 one here would like to be without the Bartlett and the Seckel in the garden, but 

 where marketing or preserving is in question, it is safe to say the Lawrence is 

 unsurpassed for profit. The tree is, perhaps, not so rampant a grower as some 

 others, but then it is hardy and healthy, and a most prolific bearer. By a little 

 care one can have the fruit to eat all winter. Left to itself it ripens about the 



