THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS. 



n 



grower at Whitby, and the whole question 

 was foug"ht out with g^reat ardor in commit- 

 tee before an agreement was reached which 

 would satisfy both g^rower and buyer. The 

 changes were such as to give perfect freedom 

 to anyone as to whether he would use the 

 specified grade marks, but if he did use them, 

 his packages were subject to inspection, and 

 a fine if found fraudulent. As this bill is an 

 important one and means everything to the 

 future of our apple trade, we give the text 

 of the proposed act in full, as revised by our 

 committee and accepted by our association. 



1. This act may be cited as Fruit Mark Act, igoi. 



2. This act shall come into operation on the first 

 day of July, ic,oi. 



3. Every person who, by himself or throu.^h the 

 agency of an')iher person, packs fruit in a closed 

 package intended for sale, shall cause the package 

 to be marked in a pla n and in lelible man;ier 

 before it is taken from the prc-mises where it is 

 packed. — 



(a). With the initials of the chr.stian name and 

 the full surname and address of tha packer. 

 (b). With the name of the variety, and 

 (c). With the designatidn of the .ijradi of fruit. 



4. No person shall s.^U. offer, expose or have in 

 his possession for sale any fruit in a closed pack- 

 age unl ss the name and aldress of the packer is 

 marked up n the packat^e m a pi lin and indelible 

 manner. "^ 



5. No person shall sell, offer, expose, or have in 

 his possession for .sale any apples or pears packed 

 in a closed packas^e upon whic i is marked the 

 grade "A No. i Canadian." unle.ss such fruit con- 

 sists of well- 'n>wn specim ns of one v riety. of 

 normal .shape a d not less than ninety per c nt. in 

 each pack Lge free from .scab worm holes 1, raises 



and other defects, and properly packed and marked 

 in a plain and indelible manner with the minimum 

 size of the fru-t in inches or fractions thereof across 

 the core of the apples or pears as the ca.se may be. 



6. No person shall sell, offer, expose, or have in 

 his po.sse.ssion for sale any apples or pears packed 

 ill a closed package upon which is marked the 

 grade "No. i Canadian," unless such fruit consists 

 of specimens of one variety, sound, of fairly uniform 

 size, and n(,t le.ss than eighty per cent, in each 

 package free from scab, worm holes, bruises and 

 other defects, and properly packed and marked in 

 a plain and indelible manner with the minimum 

 size of the fruit in inches or fractions thereof, 

 across the core of the apples or pears as the case 

 iTiay be. 



S. No person .shall sell, offer, expo.se, or have in 

 his posses.sion for sale any fruit packed in an\- 

 package upon which is marked any designation of 

 size, grade or variety which falsely represents such 

 fruit ; or in which the faced or shown end gives 

 fahe rr present ition of the contents of said package ; 

 and it shall be considered a false representation 

 when more than 15 per cent, of such fruit are sub- 

 stantially smaller in size than, or inferior in grade 

 to, or different in variety from the marks on such 

 jmckage, or from the faced or .shown ends of such 

 package. 



Q, 10, II. to remain as at present. 



12. Strike out ' apples or pears are " and sub- 

 stitute ■' fruit is." 



13, 14. 15, t6, 17, to remain as at present. 



A clause to be added as follows, — the word 

 "packer" when ascl in this act shall be construed 

 as the person on whose behalf any fruit is packed. 



The phrase " clo.sed package. "shall be construed 

 as one in which the fru t is invisible and which 

 cannot be readily opened without injury to the 

 package. 



In our next number we hope to give 

 further extracts from the report of our meet- 

 ing which we hope will be of especial interest 

 to our readers. 



THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS. 



f HE construction of park roads is like 

 the construction of all other things 

 largely a matter of local conditions. 

 a^J There are however, some principles 

 common to all conditions which must be 

 made factors in the work or the results will 

 not be at all satisfactory. The character of 

 the earth upon which road materials are to 

 be laid largely controls the method of con- 

 struction and the materials to be used. 

 Sand, of course, is the best, but it should 

 be properly underdrained or in wet springs 

 there is likely to be so much water accum- 



ulated in places that, as the frost breaks the 

 bond of the road surfacing, the road will be- 

 come wavy and the wheels will break 

 through if much used. This is only likely 

 to happen when sand is supported and sur- 

 rounded with earth impervious to water. 

 Clay is the worst material, but it is by no 

 means to be feared if properly drained and 

 the road surfacing is not thin. The under- 

 draining of clay is not necessary. If provis- 

 ion be made for at once carrying off the 

 water which reaches the surface of the clay 

 under the road material the disturbance of 



