HI LLC REST ORCHARDS, NOVA SCOTIA. 



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only goes one turn for each row of trees, and 

 one team among these rows one quarter of 

 a mile long will do 20 acres in 10 hours. 

 Each half of the disk harrow is at an angle 

 so it draws the earth from the trees at one 

 end, and from a line midway between the 

 rows at the other, thus forming a dead hol- 

 low. To obviate this the harrow is widened 



Pruning is done in June and July, in 

 order to induce fruit bud formation and to 

 avoid the waste of wood growth which be- 

 longs to winter pruning. The stems of 

 permanent apple trees are trimmed five and 

 a half to six feet high, but the temporary 

 trees of all species are trained low and head- 

 ed in, thus gaining in four years as much 



Fig. 2020. Burbank plum tree at Hillcrest, six years from the bud, fifth summer planted; 



product for 1900, two bushels. 



out to 12 feet, and a blank of four feet left 

 in the centre. This secures a level surface 

 and enables the horses to keep entirely clear 

 of the trees. For pulverizing the soil a 

 spring tooth harrow has been widened to 

 eight feet, in the same way as the disk har- 

 row. This plan appears to work admirably, 

 for there is scarcely a weed to be seen in the 

 orchard, and the ground is mellow as an ash 

 heap. 



fruiting top as is ordinary obtained in double 

 that time. Young Burbank plums and Ben 

 Davis apple trees, not above seven feet high, 

 in this orchard are bearing two bushels of 

 fruit each. The temporary trees are never 

 allowed to interfere with the growth of the 

 permanent ones, but after they are large en- 

 ough to bear a barrel each they are kept 

 headed in. 



In spraying, as in cultivation, it is necess- 



