ISO 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



some insects pass the winter in the adult 

 stage, and are ready at the earliest oppor- 

 tunity to begin egg-laying, or that others 

 winter over as half-grown caterpillars, ready 

 to begin eating the tender parts of the young 

 buds with the first glimpse of spring weather, 

 we can readily understand the importance of 

 early spraying with paris green. But early 

 spraying is of even greater importance in 

 preventing the growth of fungi which repro- 

 duce by spores. Frequently winter spores 

 are formed in the fall, and live over in the 

 fields, and in the crevices of the bark or in 

 other places on the trees. When the fruit 

 and leaves form in the spring and summer, 

 the spores are often blown on them, and soon 

 give rise to diseased conditions. Early 

 spraying with copper sulphate (3 lbs. to 40 

 gallons of water) while the trees are dormant 

 and with Bordeaux mixture when the leaves 

 are unfolding, will kill many of the wintering 

 spores. It is necessary to spray several 

 times during the season, for insect pests are 

 continually appearing and no month of the 

 summer is free from their attacks. More- 

 o\"er, some leaves develop much later than 

 others on the same tree, and escape the first 

 spraying with copper sulphate or Bordeaux 

 mixture. These leaves should be sprayed 

 to prevent spores developing on them. The 

 fruit would also escape the first spraying, 

 hence the necessity for spraying them to 

 prevent the attacks of fungi. 



Many owners of orchards are probably 

 asking themselves the question, " I sprayed 

 my orchard well last year, shall I spray it 



Water- Lilies are Easily Grown. — All 

 that is needed to grow water-lilies is a tub, 

 sunlight from six to eight hours a day, some 

 rich garden soil, and a little water. The 

 easiest way to grow them is from seed, and 

 the prettiest varietres are the African, or 

 Zanzibar ; they are purple, blue and red. To 

 sow them take a common bowl and half fill 

 with finely sifted soil packed down level and 



again this year?" There should be no hesi- 

 tation whatever in this matter. Spray every 

 year, for it is impossible to get rid of fungi 

 entirely, and the season may be very favor- 

 able for their spread and development. 



Many people spray who do not know the 

 reason why they are spraying. They think 

 that fungous diseases may be cured by the 

 application of Bordeaux or some other fungi- 

 cide at any stage of the disease, whereas the 

 real purpose of spraying is to prevent the 

 germination of the fungous spores that have 

 been blown upon the leaves, branches and 

 fruit. Massee says : "The old maxim, 

 ' prevention is better than cure ' embodies 

 the keynote to success in combating plant 

 diseases." When once the spore has ger- 

 minated and the thread of the fungus has 

 obtained an entrance into the interior of the 

 leaf, it is impossible to cure the disease, but 

 it is possible to prevent the disease from 

 spreading to other plants, by killing the 

 spores produced by the fungus. 



It will be seen how important it is to spray 

 intelligently. The operator must study the 

 weather conditions, and watch carefully the 

 effect of rains on the previous spraying. He 

 must note the time to spray with ammonia- 

 copper carbonate instead of Bordeaux so as 

 not to spot the fruit. He must suit the solu- 

 tion to the plant so as not to injure tender 

 forms ; and he must study the various kinds 

 of spray pumps on the market, secure the 

 best, make the solution properly, and spray 

 thoroughly. 



W. LOCHHEAD. 



hard. On the surface scatter the seed evenly 

 and cover with not over a quarter of an inch 

 of fine sand ; then very gently fill the bowl 

 with water so as not to disturb nor wash 

 away the sand. Place where the water will 

 be kept at a temperature of about eighty 

 degrees. In two weeks they will be ready 

 for transplanting. — April Ladies' Hotne 

 Journal. 



