DETECTING SAN JOSE SCALE ON FRUIT. 



HEN only a few insects are present 

 on a tree the San Jose scale is not 

 easily detected. If there is fruit 

 on the tree, particularly apple and pear, the 

 pest may be often seen long- distances. On 

 some varieties, especially light colored fruits, 

 the characteristic purplish rings with the 

 scales in the center are very conspicuous. 

 The marking varies somewhat, but is not 

 liable to be overlooked. On pear and apple 

 it is very pronounced and fruit on badly in- 

 fested trees is ofted mottled. The scale 

 attaches itself to any part of the fruit ; but 

 is more abundant on the calyx end. At 

 times there is a depression where the scale is 

 .attached, making the fruit very irregular if 

 badly infested. The accompanying outline 

 shows the scale markings on an apple 

 recently received. 



It is a peculiar fact that the scale seeks 

 the fruit where there are only a few insects 

 on a tree. When picking fruit, trees from 

 which suspicious specimens are taken should 

 marked. They can be sprayed later and 

 watched. I have known many cases where 

 the scale has been first detected in an orchard 

 on the fruit. The same characteristic purple 



Fig. 2198. 



spot is seen upon the bark of many young 

 trees, and upon the newer growth of older 

 trees. Some apples and pears are often 

 attacked by a fungous disease, producing- a 

 circular reddish or purple marking similar 

 to the scale spot. Care should be taken not 

 to mistake this for scale. The presence of 

 the scale in the center of the circle can be 

 easily detected with a small pocket lens. It 

 is safe to be alert and on guard all the time. 

 — Rural Neiv Yorker. 



PRUNING THE CHERRY. 



Could you give us in an early number a short 

 article on pruning the cherry ; there seems to be 

 a great difference of opinion. Some advise heavy 

 cutting out the centre of the tree top when young, 

 others again say never put a knife in the top of a 

 cherry. 



Richard's Lancing. Chas. Young. 



The cherry tree is more susceptible of in- 

 jury by injudicious cutting than most fruit 

 trees. Large wounds do not readily heal ; 

 instead they often cause decay into the heart 

 and early loss of vig-or to the whole tree. 

 Bark wounds even will cause the oozing of 

 the gum, and often the death of the bark. 



leaving the wood exposed to the action of 

 the borers and weather. 



Judicious pruning-, however, of the cherry 

 tree is just as important as with any other 

 tree. 



THE SWEET CHERRY CLASS 



does not require much pruning ; where 

 the tendency is to throw up a long leader 

 without many laterals it should be cut 

 back to induce their growth, and these 

 laterals will need similar treatment. The 

 ideal form of the tree should be kept 



