68 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Edition 



Branch be given power to issue permits to 

 growers to use the so-called 12-quart basket 

 for bulk shipments of grapes in Canada. 



A resolution was carried, moved by C. L. 

 Lowe, Vernon, B.C., and seconded by Thos. 

 Abriel, Nakusp, B.C., asking that the depth 

 of plum and prune boxes be changed from 

 3% inches to 3^4 inches, and of the cherry 

 box, or lug, from 5l^ Inches to 3% inches. 



Berry Boxes to Be Changed. 



"That this Conference recommend the 

 adoption for use in Canada of the Unitel 

 States standard pint, and the United States 

 standard quart berry and currant boxes, and 

 that this regulation shall come into effect 

 this current season, excepting that the 

 boxes now in use be recognized as lawful 

 packages in order to permit stocks on hand 

 to be utilized until Oct. 1, 1923." 



MARITIME PROVINCES 

 N.B.F.G.A. Convention 



Fruit By-products 



KEEN discussion took place at the Con- 

 ference on jams and canned goods, 

 on fruit, juices and other by-products. 

 The following resolutions were adopted: 

 For Pure Jams and Jellies. 



"Whereas, the Act defining the standards 

 for pure jams and jellies seems to have 

 fallen into abeyance, whether from the in- 

 ability of the department having charge of 

 the enforcing of it, to carry it out without 

 grievous injury to the home manufacturer, 

 or whether, because owing to the closing 

 of the Department of Inland Revenue this 

 Act has fallen by the wayside, or from 

 whatever cause we do not know, and 



"Whereas, in the interest of three import- 

 ant classes, viz., the consumers of jams, 

 jellies, etc., the producers of fruits used in 

 the rnaking of these articles, and those 

 manufacturers of the same, who desire to 

 set a high standard of purity for their pro- 

 ducts, the present standards for pure jams, 

 jellies, etc., or other improved standards, 

 shall be strictly adhered to, 



•"Be it resolved, that we urge upon the 

 Dominion Government that the fixing of 

 standards for jams, jellies, etc., and the 

 making and carrying out of regulations en- 

 forcing adherence to the same, both by the 

 home manufacturer and by the manufac- 

 turers of these articles imported into Can- 

 ada, be placed in the charge of the same 

 branch of the Department of Agriculture 

 that has charge of the regulations fixing 

 standards for canned fruits and vegetables, 

 and that every effort shall be made to com- 

 pel the strict observance of regulations 

 made by that branch, with a view to 

 creating and maintaining a high standard of 

 purity for these important adjuncts to the 

 fruitgrowing interests." 



To Improve Marketing. 



"Whereas, the canning and jam indus- 

 tries of Canada are of very great value to 

 the fruit-growing industry, this Dominion 

 Conference of fruit growers would respect- 

 fully urge upon the Minister of Agriculture 

 the desirability of taking every opportunity 

 to assist those industries in placing their 

 products on the markets in the most advan- 

 tageous and attractive manner to merit the 

 confidence of the buying public, as this 

 would be of direct benefit to the fruit and 

 vegetable-growing industries." 



No Faking of Fruit Beverages. 



"Resolved, that regulations be adopted to 

 prohibit the use of chemicals in the prepar- 

 ation of beverages, such as cider, fruit 

 juices, wines, etc., such practice being detri- 

 mental to the best interests of fruit growers 

 generally." 



ABOUT 50 enthu.siastic gruit growers 

 were present at the annual meeting 

 of the New Brunswick Fruit Growers' 

 Association, Fredericton, Feb. 15. Presi- 

 dent W. B. Gilman occupied the chair. In 

 his presidential address, Mr. Gilman pointed 

 to the achievements of the association's 

 entries at the Imperial Fruit Show in Lon- 

 don last fall as answering effectively the 

 question as to how New Brunswick apples 

 compared with those from other parts of 

 the Dominion. The awards showed that 

 N.B. could grow certain varieties of apples 

 as fine in appearance and in flavor as could 

 be grown anywhere. That showing indi- 

 cated, the president thought, the need for 

 an immigration policy for this province that 

 would insure the coming of many new 

 settlers who would appreciate the splendid 

 resources of New Brunswick at their full 

 value. 



"The co-operative shipping of apples to 

 Montreal the last few years," the president 

 continued, "has been a great benefit, and 

 shows us the advantage of growing fewer 

 varieties. Montreal dealers have reported 

 our pack equal to any and superior to most 

 packs on the market. For this we must 

 thank the N.B. Department of Agriculture 

 for supplying us with a most efficient and 

 painstaking horticulturist — A. G. Tumey — 

 who, with his assistants, has done splendid 

 work in bringing up the standard of the ' 

 New Brunswick pack." 



Resolutions were adopted unanimously 

 thanking A. G. Turney for his efficient ser- 

 vices as secretary-treasurer of the associa- 

 tion, endorsing the action of the executive 

 In recommending that the growing of only 

 a limited number of varieties of apples be 

 encouraged, recommending the advisability 

 of increasing the selling charges on sup- 

 plies, so that the financial affairs of the 

 association might be increased, and urging 

 the incoming executive to make ample 

 arrangement with various exhibitions to 

 give proper and ample space for the dis-' 

 play of fruit exhibits, together with suffi- 

 cient oversight to prevent the loss or 

 damaging of fruit. 



Officers were elected as follows: Pres.' 

 \V. B. Gilman, Fredericton; vice-pres., W. 

 W. Hubbard, Fredericton; sec.-treas., A. G. 

 Turney, Fredericton; directors, A. C. 

 Parker, Woodstock; A. G. Dunphy, Doug- 

 las, and H. G. Smith, Long Reach.. 



A very successful apple packing school 

 was conducted preceding and following the 

 convention. The instruction was In charge 

 of P. J. Carey, Dominion Fruit Demon- 

 strator, Ottawa, assisted by A. G. Turney, 

 Inspector G. H. Vroom, Inspector Potts, 

 George Danby, A. C. Parker and W. P. Fox. 

 A pleasing feature of the school was the 

 presence of boys and young men, as well 

 as older men, all keenly interested in the 

 proceedings and full of faith in the future 

 of fruit growing In New Brunswick. 



Orchard Cultivation 



W. S. Blair, Kentville, N.S. 



IN general there are but two methods; 

 the cultivation and the sod mulch. The 

 former is under average condition for a 

 period of years likely to prove the better. 

 The latter it followed consistently may give 

 good returns. 



The cultivation method consists of early 

 sprng cultivation with frequent cultivations 



at Intervals of two weeks to July Ist, after 

 which no cultivation is given. At this time 

 a cover crop may be sown, of which the 

 common vetch is best at the rate of one 

 bushel per acre. 



The sod mulch demands cutting of the 

 grass when not more than six inches high 

 to get Ijest results, and this will be neces- 

 sary twice or better three times during the 

 season. On hilly situations where cultiva- 

 tion is difficult and washing; is likely to re- 

 sult this method should be followed. 



Freights on Fertilizers 



THE appeal for lower freight rates on 

 fertilizers which was made at a recent 

 sitting of the Dominion Board of Rail- 

 way Commissioners In Halifax and St. John 

 brought quick results. Dr. M. Cummlng 

 appeared before the commissioners in Hall- 

 fax. The result of the conference has been 

 announced as follows: 



"The matters under advisement were ful- 

 ly and frankly discussed. The railway rep- 

 resentatives felt that it would be impossible 

 for them to give any general reduction on 

 fertilizers without covering the whole 

 freight situation, but they met the delega- 

 tion frankly and among the concessions 

 granted were these: 



"1. Nitrate of soda and sulphate of am- 

 monia intended for agricultural purposes to 

 be placed on the same footing with other 

 fertilizers and to be ranked as tenth class, 

 with the privilege of carrying 25 per cent, 

 of either or both commodities in mixed cars. 



"2. A reduction In the tonnage of straight 

 cars of sulphate of ammonia from 40,000 

 lbs. to 60,000 lbs. 



"3. The C. P. R. to reduce local rates so 

 as to equalize those in £orce by the C. N. R. 



"4. Concessions to P. E. Island lines 

 which will give residents of the Island the 

 advantage of the mainland commodities. 



"The railway authorities did not agree 

 to reduce the limestone rate to that of gra- 

 vel, claiming that it was already very low 

 and on short hauls below the gravel rate. 

 They promised that the findings would be 

 communicated to the railway commission 

 forthwith and hoped that soon the rates 

 would be effective and in force." — Berwick 

 Register. 



Excessive pruning on young trees is ac- 

 countable for much of the weak growth 

 noticed, and during the first eight years 

 the aim should be to develop as many 

 vigorous leaves as possible. Pruning to 

 direct growth is necessary and the main 

 branches should be established, but this 

 practice of thinning out young trees to make 

 them look nice, is all wrong. We are doing 

 too much thinning on young trees and not 

 enough on old trees. The greater the area 

 of vigorous foliage on young trees, the bet- 

 ter will the roots develop, because roots 

 cannot develop with a scant foliage area. 

 Between root pruning and ,top pruning, we 

 have lost a lot of time in developing young 

 trees and both of these have been avoided 

 in the deelopment of the orchard at the Ex- 

 perimental Station, Kentville. — W. S. Blair, 

 Kentville, N.S. 



Many transplanted garden plants, after 

 they have become established, — such as 

 tomatoes, cabbage, celery and the garden 

 annual flowering plants, may be stimulated 

 Into active growth by scattering a little ni- 

 trate of soda around them just before a 

 rain. It is well to use judgment, however, 

 as a little too much may injure the roots 

 and kill the plant. The fertilizer should be 

 kept from the foliage as It will cause in- 

 jury.— W. S. Blair, Kentville, N.S. 



