114 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Bdltlon 



dards and falls: — Mrs. Sherwin 

 Wright,' Mrs. Neubronner, Flavescens. 



5. Pale yellow standards and violet 

 purple falls : — Princess Victoria Louise, 

 Loreley, Darius, Gracchus. 



6. Yellow standards and brownish or- 

 maroon falls: — Iris King, Maori King, 

 Mithras, Honourable. 



7. Lavender blue and bluish-purple 

 predominating on standards and falls: 

 — ^AU pallida varieties. Albert Victor, 

 Celeste, Juniata, Mary Gray, Tinaea 

 Imogen, Dalmatica has a very fine 

 flower but is a shy bloomer. 



8. Bluish purple standards and 

 bluish-purple or deep purple falls: — 

 Oriflamme, Amas (Macrantha), Chester 

 Hunt, Blue Jay, Alcazar. 



9. Pale purple standards and purple 

 falls: — ^Perfection, "Walneri, Salvatori. 



10. Purple standards and purple or 

 dark purple falls: — ^Kharput, Black 

 Prince, Sappho (Othello is very similar) , 

 Pare de Neuilly, Archeveque, Mon- 

 signor. 



11. Lilac and rose predominating on 

 standards and falls: — Queen of May, 

 Coquette, Her Majesty. 



12. Violet and reddish-purple pre- 

 dominating on standards and falls: — 

 Caprice, Edouard Michel, Lohengrin, 

 Mandraliscae, Madam Pacquitte. 



13. Dusky or dull coppery standards 

 and rich maroon falls: — Jacquesiana 

 (Jacquiniana), Prosper Laugier, 

 Arnols, Red Cloud, Nibelungen. 



•Best Twelve Varieties 



Florentina, Mrs. H. Darwin, Ma-Mie, 

 Perfection, Princess Victoria Louise, 

 Iris King, Albert Victor, Alcazar, 

 Chester Hunt, Kharput, Caprice 

 Jacquesiana. 



Best Twenty-four Varieties. 



Florentina, Mrs. H. Darwin, White 

 Knight, Ma-Mie, Madame Chsreau, Mrs. 

 O. Reuthe, Rhein Nixe, Mrs. Sherwin 

 Wright, Princess Victoria Louise, Iris 

 King, Albert Victor, Celeste, Pallida 

 Dalmatica, Juniata, Alcazar, Amas 

 (Macrantha), Chester Hunt, Perfection, 

 Kharput, Parcede Neuilly, Black 

 Prince, Caprice, Edouard Michel, Jac- 

 quesiana. 



In planting, the roots of all trees 

 should have a mellow bed of good 

 soil, so that the roots will resume their 

 function and form new rootlets in the 

 shortest possible time. The roots 

 should be spread out in a natural posi- 

 tion, and the soil pressed firmly mto 

 contact with every fibre, leaving no 

 air spaces around any of them; this 

 will encourage the new rootlets to 

 start at the earliest possible moment. 

 — C. F. Clark, Toronto, Ont. , 



Root and Salad Crops 



C. B^ Alden, Toronto 



WHERE garden space is limited, 

 plant food and salad crops. No 

 garden, large or small, is com- 

 plete without them, but they are parti- 

 cularly adapted to small backyard gar- 

 dens. Among the root crops are rad- 

 ishes, beets, carrots, parsnips, salisfy, 

 or vegetable oyster, and turnips. Salad 

 crops include lettuce, endive, cress, 

 dandelion, cos lettuce, or romaine, 

 Chinese cabbage, and others. They 

 require little space, because they can 

 be planted in rows from 12 to 18 inches 

 apart, and cultivated with hand tools. 

 Many gardeners make only one plant- 

 ing of these crops, but the best plan 

 is that several plantings of some of 

 them be made a week or so apart in 

 order to have a succession of those 

 vegetables. 



Radishes are one of the finest and 

 best vegetables that come from the 

 garden in spring. They should be 

 planted as early as possible, whether 

 for market or home use. For the 

 home supply small amounts should be 

 planted, and at least tv/o or three 

 plantings made with varieties that ma- 

 ture at different times. The small tur- 

 nip-rooted varieties will mature in 15 

 to 20 days. Varieties which are long 

 and slender are best for later use, but 

 the seed should be planted early. Ra- 

 dishes should be used when they are 

 small. Left in the ground too long 

 they become pithy, especially in warm 

 weather. 



Food Value in Beets. 



Beets are one of the most important 

 crops for the home garden. Seed can 

 be planted just as soon as the soil is 

 in condition to work. When the plants 

 crowd one another in the row, thin 

 them out when they are young, 

 and cook them as greens. Later, 

 when they are about an inch in dia- 

 meter, both leaf-stems and young beets 

 can be cooked together. When the 

 ■ beets are larger, the leaf-stems become 

 tough and woody. As a rule, two 

 plantings should be made, one ex- 

 tremely early and another in about 

 four weeks. On rich soil, garden beets 

 will make an enormous yield. There 

 is perhaps no other crop, unless it is 

 carrots, that will give so much real 

 food value to a given area. 



Carrots should be planted just a 

 Httle later than beets, and as soon as 

 ^e plants are up they should be thin- 

 ned. A second thinning will leave the 

 plants one and a half to two inches 

 apart in the row^ and give a supply of 

 small carrots, known as baby carrots, 

 for use on the table. The tops of the 

 carrots cannot be used as greens. 



Parsnips and salsify are more in the 

 nature of winter crops; that is, they 

 are grown during the summer and kept 

 for winter use. A section of row 20 to 

 30 feet long generally will produce all 

 the parsnips or salsify that the average 

 family will want. They are planted 

 and cultivated in the same manner as 

 carrots, only in the case of the parsnips 

 they should stand fully three inches 

 apart in the row. Both parsnips and 

 salsify may remain in the ground over 

 winter, but it is better usually to dig 

 the roots in the fall and store t^em in 

 moist sand in a cool cellar. 



Lettuce of Various Kinds. 



While it is true that too much let- 

 tuce often is planted at one time, not 

 enough attention is given to keeping 

 a continuous supply. Lettuce plants 

 grown in hot-bed or cold-frame, or in 

 a box in the house, can be planted in 

 the open ground just as soon as the 

 danger of the last frost is past. It 

 may be necessary to cover the plants 

 with paper or with straw during chilly 

 weather, but lettuce is quite hardy, 

 and if the plants are not too tender 

 when set out they will stand consider- 

 able cold. Another seeding should be 

 made in the open ground just as soon 

 as the soil can be worked. Romaine 

 or Cos lettuce is better adapted for 

 growing in the summer as also is Pe- 

 tsia, or Chinese cabbage, and endive. 



Thousands of bushels of wild dande- 

 lions are gathered from the pastures 

 and meadows for greens every spring. 

 Some gardeners cultivate them, and 

 get the finest quality for salad by 

 covering them with a light coating of 

 fine straw which causes the hearts of 

 the plants to develop into a cluster of 

 bleached and tender leaves. 



Fresh Things all the Year. 



By making a study of the different 

 kinds of salad crops offered in seed 

 catalogues one can easily have a con- 

 tinuous supply from the earliest 

 springtime until the late autumn, and 

 even into the winter. Water cress, for 

 instance, is grown commercially in 

 ponds or spring-fed streams in sections 

 where the water naturally contains 

 large amounts of lime. By starting 

 water cress from seeds sown in a box 

 in the house or by getting a bunch 

 of cress in the market and using 

 the stems for plants, it is easy to grow 

 a bed of water cress without the aid 

 of a stream or pond. To do this a very. 

 level bed of rich soil surrounded by 

 six-inch boards similar to a cold frame 

 should be prepared, or the cress may 



