240 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Editi. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



Published by Th« Horticultural 

 Publlshioe Company. Lfmlted. 



Official Organ of Caaadlaa HorUcuItural OxmcU 



The Canadian Horticulturist is published the first of 

 each month in two editions, as follows: 



FLORAL EDITION 



Devoted to the interests of amateur horticulture — 

 landscape gardening, floriculture, fruit and vegetable 

 gardening — and to the work and progress of Horticultural 

 Societies. 



Subacriptloo Rates. — 60 cents a year, $1.00 for two 

 years. 



FRUIT EDITION. 



Devoted entirely to the interests of commercial fruit 

 and vegetable growers — official cn^n of Ontario Fruit 

 Growers' Association and of Niagara Peninsula Fruit 

 Growers* Association. 



Sabscrlptlon Rates. — $1 .00 a year; $2.00 for three years 

 POSTAGE— FOREIGN AND PETERBORO 



For foreign subscriptions to either edition, add 50 cents 

 a year extra for postage. For subscriptions to the United 

 States and in the City of Peterboro add 25 cents a year. 



Advertising rateo, circulation statements and sample 

 copies free on request. 



Communications should be addressed 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST, 

 Peterboro, Ontario. 



Horticulture at Royal Fair 



THERE was much to interest amateur horti- 

 culturists at the Royal Winter Fair in 

 Toronto, Nov. 22 to 29, but not much in 

 the way of amateur competition. The entire 

 horticultural section of the Fair was a wonder- 

 place of beauty and production. Congregated 

 there from four provinces^British Columbia, 

 Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick — were 

 fruits, flowers and vegetables that demonstrated 

 the ideals that are striven for by professional 

 and amateur alike. It was the largest horti- 

 cultural exhibition ever held in Canada and 

 the quality was equal to anything ever seen 

 anywhere. 



The floricultural department was not quite 

 so large as at some previous shows in Toronto, 

 so far as number of entries for competition was 

 concerned, but it was very fine at that. The 

 parks department of the city and the Toronto 

 Retail Florists' Club contributed non-competi- 

 tive displays that made up in extent for' any- 

 thing lacking in numbers of competitive ex- 

 hibits. Besides lending individual plants for 

 decorating the entire horticultural floor, the 

 parks department put up two large special 

 groups, mostly chrysanthemums and palms, 

 that were beautiful shows in themselves. The 

 Florists' Club Tiad a large booth artistically 

 constructed and beautifully decorated with 

 southern smilax, Boston ferns, cedar and palms, 

 and containing roses, 'mums, carnations, cycla- 

 men and other bloom that delighted and charm- 

 ed. 



Plants and Flowers 

 In the competitive classes, first for group of 

 chrysanthemums and foliage plants arranged 

 for effect went to W. J. Hoath, Toronto, on a 

 group that was highly praised by the judges 

 for its great variety, its choice blooms and its 

 artistic arrangement. Second went to R. S. 

 McLaughlin, Oshawa, on a group that contained 

 a very fine lot of bloom but not quite so many 

 in variety or number as the first. Third went to 

 S. A. Frost, Toronto, on a display of exceptional 

 originality in design, being after the Japanese 

 rustic type, but too light in quantity of bloom 

 for a display that called primarily for chrysan- 

 themums. 



First for group of single and pompon chrys- 

 anthemums arranged with foliage for effect also 

 went to Hoath. This display was magnificent 

 in bloom, variety and execution. Second went 

 to Thos. Manton, Toronto, on another very fine 

 group, nicely arranged, but not so profuse in 

 bloom as the display that won first. By win- 

 ning in this section, Hoath captured also the 

 "H. R. Franklin Trophy," donated by the 

 Toronto Agricultural Society. 



In display of orchids with foliage, there was 

 only one entry — Manton — but that entry at- 

 tracted as much attention as any other feature 

 of the flower show. In arrangement, it was 

 very artistic and original, and in orchid bloom 

 exceedingly high-class. 



All the exhibitors in the cut bloom sections, 

 including roses, carnations and 'mums, were 

 commercial growers. Lack of space prevents 

 giving awards. John H. Dunlop and Son, 

 Ltd., Richmond Hill, Out., won the silver chal- 

 lenge trophy donated Ijy the Rose Society of 

 Ontario for the best vase of 50 roses. This 

 trophy must be won three times before becoming 

 the permanent property of any winner. S. A. 

 Frost, Toronto, won the trophy donated by the 

 Toronto Horticultural Society for the best 50 

 blooms of carnations. This trophy also must 

 be won three times. 



A unique feature of the program in the Coli- 

 seum one evening was the christening of a new 

 rose, originated by John H. Dunlop and Sons, 

 Ltd. After a brief announcement that the rose 

 was being named the "Royal," in honor of the 

 Royal Winter Fair, Mr. Dunlop presented to 

 Mrs. W. A. Dryden, the wife of the president of 

 the Fair, a bunch of 25 blooms of the new rose. 

 The Royal, in color of bloom, is a very bright 

 shade of rose pink, diffused with an orange base. 

 It is very beautiful and was much admired by 

 the thousands of visitors to the flower show. 



Awards in miscellaneous plants were: Three 

 specimen palms, any size or tub — I, S. Tidy and 

 Son, Toronto; 2, Manton; 3, W. Jay and Son, 

 Toronto. Collection of Nephrolopsis firms, not 

 less than 10 varieties — 1, Jay; 2, Argall and 

 Basher, Todmorden; 3, Manton. Six specimen 

 ferns, distinct varieties — 1, Manton; 2, Argall 

 and Basher; 3, A. W. Brearley, Toronto. Single 

 house fern, open to amateurs only — 1, Mrs. 

 John W. Cripps, Toronto; only one entry. Six 

 cyclamen in bloom — I, Wra. C. Hall, Montreal; 

 2, Tidy; 3, Jay; 4, McLaughlin. Six primulas 

 in bloom— 1, Jay; 2, McLaughUn; 3, Brearley; 

 4, Manton. Six begonias, Lorraine type — 1, 

 Tidy; 2, Hoath; 3, F. H. P. Hammett, Toronto; 

 4, McLaughlin. Six begonias in bloom, any 

 other variety — 1, McLaughlin; 2, Jay; 3, John 

 W. Cripps, "Toronto; 4, Manton. Six decorative 

 table plants — 1, Manton; 2, Cripps; 3, Brear- 

 ley; 4, Jay. Three specimen orchids, district 

 varieties — 1, Manton; 2, Geo. Thompson, 'Tor- 

 onto. 



Fruits and Vegetables 

 The apple show was the largest and best ever 

 held on this continent, with the exception per- 

 haps of one or two of the monster shows held 

 before the war at Spokane, Wash. British 

 Columbia had the largest number of entries. 

 Ontario also was strong in entries, and Quebec 

 and New Brunswick had a few each. Nova 

 Scotia was not represented. New Brunswick 

 had a very attractive non-competitive display 

 that admirably demonstrated the excellence of 

 the apples grown in that province. 



British Columbia and Ontario were quite 

 equally honored with awards. British Colum- 

 bia captured the sweepstakes prize for the best 

 box of apples at the show (Spitzenberg) and 

 Ontario won the premier honor for best 100 

 boxes (Mcintosh). British Columbia trimmed 

 Ontario in Wagener, a leading variety of the lat- 

 ter province, and Ontario won from British 

 Columbia in Jonathans, a leading variety of 

 the Pacific province. Ontario won first, how- 

 ever, in all other varieties commonly grown in 

 the two provinces. New Brunswick had the 

 best box of Golden Russet and won first, second 

 and third in Scarlet Pippin, a variety grown 

 extensively in that province. 



The vegetable show was the most complete 

 ever staged in Toronto. All sections were well 

 fiUed and the quality of the products was high 

 class. Competition was very close in nearly 

 aU sections, being especially so in potatoes and 

 onions and in the big collections. Most of the 

 entries came from the districts surrounding 

 Toronto and were from commercial gardens. 

 The hope was expressed by the management 



and exhibitors alike that entries from outsi< 

 points would be much more numerous nexi 

 year, and that amateur growers of vegetables 

 would enter the competitions as many amateurs 

 were known to be as expert in production as the 

 commen-iril men. 



Moisture in Transplanting 



MOISTURE is taken up by plants through 

 their small feeding roots or rootlets, and 

 it is lost by evaporation through the 

 surface of the foliage or leaves. In transplanting, 

 if any of the fine rootlets are lost, the supply of 

 moisture to the foliage is reduced accordingly 

 and necessarily the plants wilt. To prevent this 

 wilting and start growth as promptly as possible 

 water is poured around the roots before the 

 earth is entirely filled in, and sometimes the 

 foliage or tops are partly cut back when the 

 transplanted subject is of a nature to permit it. ' 

 Other rtiethods are to shade the plants from 

 sunshine, and protect from winds for a few days 

 to reduce evaporation. 



Many gardeners, who think they are scientific, 

 do not understand the underlying laws of the 

 chemical and mechanical processes and actioas 

 which take place in a growing plant. Water is 

 important because all chemical elements entering 

 a plant must be in solution to be assimilated, j 

 — The Flower Grower i 



Of late a great many people are growing 

 Strawflower. These flowers make beautiful 

 winter bouquets, but in order to have the best 

 kind of flowers in winter, it is necessary to cut 

 and dry the flower at exactly the right time. 

 The flowers should be cut just as they are com- 

 pletely open or it will even be better to cut them 

 when the buds are about three fourths open. 

 Cut the flowers with stems as long as possible, 

 pick off bottom leaves, tie in loose bunches and 

 hang flower heads down in a dark cool place t 

 drv. 



Manorial Loss in Burned Grass 



THE nitrogen content of mixed hay is, of 

 course a variable quantity. We should 

 not be far out of the way if we assume an 

 average content of \J4 per cent, or 30 lbs. per 

 ton. It will naturally follow that a quantity of 

 hay equivalent to 1 J^ tons per acre would con- 

 tain about 45 lbs. of nitrogen. 



The loss incurred by burning would involve 

 the escape of the nitrogen into the air on account 

 of the burning, as well as the destruction of the 

 organic matter. In attempting to place a value 

 on the nitrogen thus lost, it should be remembered 

 that nitrogen in nitrate of soda or sulphate of 

 ammonia can now be bought at about 1 5c per 

 lb. when carload lots of these fertilizers are 

 ordered. In mi.xed fertilizers, or in the higher 

 grade ammoniates like tanlcigc or fish, the cost 

 of nitrogen would be greater. Another point to 

 be borne in mind is that the nitrogen in mixed 

 hay is not as available as nitrogen in fprt-lizer 

 salts or tankage. All told, a value of 10 to 15c 

 per lb. may be assigned t.j the nitrogen lost. For 

 the 45 lbs. the value would, therefore, be $4.50 

 to $6.75. 



Some additional value may be allowed for the 

 organic matter destroyed. If the heat was not 

 intense enough to injure the organic matter in 

 the soil itself, the loss would probably not exceed 

 $7 or S8 per acre. On the other hand, if the heat 

 was intense enough to cause the burning out of 

 a considerable portion of the soil organic matter, 

 the loss would be greater.— (Rural New Yorker) . 



Slugs are said to be very fond of carrots and 

 some gardeners "trap them" by laying pieces of 

 carrot among the plants. Care must be taken 

 to remove the "catch" frequently. Lime and 

 ashes are not to their liking, so that a liberal use 

 of either, will help to keep the nuisances away 

 from your plants. 



