8 LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



decimal places used go beyond the error of two consecutive measure- 

 ments, there is absolutely no value in carrying them out. If, as an 

 illustration, we find that in a certain skull measurement, the results ob- 

 tained by different operators, or by the same operator at different times, 

 do not agree with each other to within 0.5 mm., it is simply time lost to 

 attempt to carry out the individual measurements beyond one decimal 

 place. Especially in the case of measurements of the living, where the 

 operator has to consider, not only his own degree of accuracy, but also 

 the slight involuntary changes of position of the subject, there are certain 

 of the longer measurements where one cannot hope to be accurate within 

 a whole centimeter, and where attention to differences of 2-3 millimeters 

 would be of no possible avail. 



ANTHROPOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS 



The instruments employed in anthropometry may be grouped accord- 

 ing to form and use, as follows : 



I. Instruments for measurement 



1. Linear measurement 



calipers 



craniometer 



pelvimeter 

 slide compass 

 anthropometer 

 rod compass 

 osteometric board 



2. Girths and arcs 



tape-measures 



3. Angles 



goniometer (stationary) 

 goniometer (for attachment) 

 special types of goniometer 



4. Torsion (shaft of long bones) 



parallelograph 



5. Volumetric instruments 



6. Scales for recording weight 



II. Instruments for holding and orienting skulls and other bones 

 simple types of craniophore 

 cubic craniophore of Martin 

 osteophores 



combined craniophore and osteophore of Wetzel 

 III. Instruments for drawing and delineating 

 dioptograph of Lucae 

 perigraph of Lissauer 

 diagraph of Martin 

 stereograph of Broca 



I. Instruments for Measurement 



The two most convenient types of instrument for measuring linear 

 distances as defined by two points forming their termini are: 



