114 LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



III. ANGLES 



1. Subpubic angle; the angle formed by the two ischio-pubic rami, 

 along their medial borders. 



As is well-known the subpubic angle is a famous sex criterion, being 

 small in the male and large in the female, which is true of all human races. 

 Still, it may have a racial significance also, although the data thus far 

 obtained are meager. Thus Turner, upon the basis of single individuals, 

 where the sexes did not even correspond racially, are yet of some signifi- 

 cance. 



Males Females 



Australian 47° Negress 71° 



Chinese 76° Hawaiian 102° 



Malay 76° Lapplander 104° 



Of these three males the average is 64°; of the three females 85°. Martin 

 (1894) gives more complete data, from various sources: 



Names of race Males " Females 



European 58°(Verneau) 76° (Martin) 



75° (Verneau) 

 72 (Hennig) 

 Fuegian 60.5° (Martin) 85° (Martin) 



60.7° (Garson) 



59° (Sergi) 81° (Sergi) 



Australians 78° (Martin) 



80° (Verneau) 

 Andamanese 85° (Martin) 



2. Angle of inclination of the ilium. This is the angle made by the 

 plane of the ilium with the horizon, and may best be reckoned mathe- 

 matically by the use of data already obtained from measurements, 

 viz. — 



cristal breadth (2) 



upper transverse diameter of the pelvic brim (10) 



length (height) of the ilium (16) 



Nos. (2) and (10) are parallel to each other. (16) is set obliquely, 

 connecting their ends. If the pelvis is perfectly symmetrical, which 

 can by no means be taken for granted, these two parallel lines may be 

 charted on a paper with their median points upon a common perpendic- 

 ular which represents the median sagittal line. For complete accuracy 

 the point in each line where it crosses the median plane should be noted 

 in the measurement and these points, rather than the geometrical middle 

 point, should be placed upon the perpendicular. In this way the exact 

 inclination of each side can be either measured by the protractor upon 

 the chart, or be reckoned by trigonometry from the data furnished. 



