osteometry; the measurement of the bones 



127 



these the trochanteric length (No. 3) and the total distance from the 

 head to the outer margin of the bone are taken, which is very similar to 

 our Measurement No. 10. The index can be readily calculated. The 

 measures are generally those of single femora; those marked * are 

 averages. 



Name of race 



Trochanteric 

 length 



Proximal breadth 



Japanese 390 



*Ainu 394.4 



Javanese 400 



*Fuegian 408.7 



Malay 410 



Gilbert Islander ! 420 



*South Germans '< 428 



Neandertal (right) ! 423 



Neandertal (left) 425 



Spy 1 410 (approx.) 



87 



85.8 



94 



88 



89 



96 



91.5 

 105 

 106 

 110 



The markedly greater length of the proximal epiphysis in the Neander- 

 tal species, as compared with recent man, is here clearly shown. With 

 a moderate trochanteric length the proximal breadth, that is, the length 

 of the axis of head and neck, is far greater than is found in any normal 

 femur of modern man. This is probably correlated in some way with the 

 massiveness of the head of the femur in the earlier species. 



Head index B; = Robusticity index of head (No. 7). This index should 

 show the large size of the head in femora of the Neandertal species, since 

 this peculiarity strikes the eye immediately, and is indicated by the 

 following list of measurements. Although these give the absolute, 

 instead of the physiological, length, the two differ but two or three 

 millimeters as a rule, and indices using this length instead of the one 

 recommended here, would show the contrast very decidedly. The figures, 

 mostly of single measurements, are as follows: 



Name of race 



Absol. length 



Vertical diam 

 of head 



Transverse 

 diam. of head 



Circumference 

 of head 



Adamanese 



Lapps 



Hawaiian 



Fuegians 



Alemanni (ancient) 

 Neandertal (right) . 

 Neandertal (left)... 

 Spy 1 (right) 



375 

 380.5 

 404 

 427.1 

 436.6 

 439 

 440 

 430 

 (approx.) 



45.9 

 44.3 

 50.5 

 52.0 

 52.0 



36.1* 

 40.3* 

 39.0* 



46.3 

 45.4 

 52.0 

 53.0 

 53.0 



146. 



147 



164 



165 



175 



In the figures marked + there is but one diameter given, and that one is not 

 specified. 



