osteometry; the measurement of the bones 



143 



tioned bones have been considered by Manners-Smith in the Journal of 

 Anatomy (Engl.), 1907-1908, to which the reader is referred. 



The Metacarpals and Phalanges. 



In these bones, as in the hand, the most obvious measurements are, 

 first of all, the total lengths of the separate bones, and then the breadths 

 of the two epiphyses^and the middle of the shaft, also certain of the girths 

 especially the least circumferences. For these it is obvious that some very 



c 



Fig. 43. — Torsion of the calcaneus, in various Primates. (From Loth, after Volkov.) 



A. Chimpanzee. 



B. Gorilla. 



C. Australian. 



D. European. 



delicate method of measurement should be devised, such as, for example, 

 the use of fine wire, as employed by dentists in getting the caliber of a 

 tooth. 



As for indices, aside from those derived from the measurements of 

 single bones there are obviously collective indices obtained by adding 

 certain similar measurements of a series of bones, for example, the entire 

 breadth of the foot at a given point might be represented by adding the 



