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LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



radiale (r) 



spherion (sph) 

 sty lion (sty) 



suprasternale (sst) 



symphysion (sy) 



thelion (th) 

 tibiale (ti) 



trochanterion (tro) 



The plane of the top of the capitellum of the radius. 

 In the hanging arm it is found in the bottom of the con- 

 spicuous groove or dimple of the elbow. 

 The lowest point of the inner malleolus. 

 The distal margin of the styloid process of the radius 

 where it appears superficially upon the medial side of the 

 wrist. In the hanging arm seize the wrist and palpate 

 downwards over the surface of the process with the 

 thumb. The exact end of the process may be felt with 

 the thumb nail. 



The middle of the suprasternal notch, in the upper 

 margin of the sternum. This margin is covered simply 

 by a thin layer of skin, and the point in question may be 

 readily located with precision. 



Middle point in the upper border of the pubic arch, 

 at the symphysis. This is usually at about the level 

 of the upper border of the pubic hair, but as there is some 

 variation in this it is not safe to rely wholly upon this 

 when precision is wanted. Involuntary shrinking on 

 the part of the subject, due to the tickling reactions, are 

 obviated entirely by approaching the point from the side 

 with the flat of the hand, and using the end of the finger 

 only when the upper border of the pubic arch is reached. 

 With intelligent subjects they may often be entrusted to 

 find the proper point themselves, especially when an 

 articulated skeleton stands beside the operator and 

 subject, a condition which should never be neglected. 

 This point is of vital importance in all studies of pro- 

 portions, and ought always to be taken, and with as great 

 precision as is practical. 



The middle point of the nipple. To be taken only 

 in men, children, and in women with no perceptible 

 tendency for the breasts to sag downwards. 

 The medial separation between femur and tibia, at 

 the medial glenoid margin of the latter; the point is 

 difficult to find in persons with strongly developed 

 panniculus adiposus in the knee region. To find this, 

 place thumb and forefinger of the right hand upon the 

 quadriceps tendon (ligamentum patellae), ask the subject 

 to slightly flex the knee, and then slip the forefinger 

 over to the side, and explore with the finger nail for 

 the separation between the bones. This may be marked 

 when found, for reference in other positions of the leg. 

 A point of some uncertainty and never vary precise. 

 It is defined as the highest point upon the trochanter 

 major, but in practice some use the most lateral point, 

 thus making the bitrochanteric breadth a synonym of 

 the greatest breadth across the thighs, with the heels 

 together. Others reach the bone surface from behind, 

 where the adhesion of the integument to the subcutane- 

 ous bone surface form a deep and noticeable hollow. 

 To find the more precise point, as defined, the hand is 

 placed nearly flat upon the region where the bone lies 

 subcutaneous, and request the subject to move the leg 



