12 CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



Examination of Water, Soil and Air .... 422 



Water as a carrier of disease. Limitations of a chemi- 

 cal analysis. Recognition of typhoid bacilli. Cholera 



vibrios. Method of analysis. Counting- of colonies, direct 



and by aid of microscope. Number and kind of species. 



Detection of pathogenic bacteria by animal inoculation. 

 Bacterial contents of snow, ice, rain-water, lakes, rivers, wells 

 and sea-water. 



The bacteria of the soil. Their action. Pathogenic 



forms. Effect of rain and snow. Filtering action of 'the 



soil. Method of analysis. 



The source of air bacteria. Effect of moist surfaces. 



Purification of air by sedimentation. By rain and snow. 



Expired air. Number of organisms in the air. Country and 



city air. Pathogenic bacteria. Methods of analysis. 



Laboratory work. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



i 



Special Methods of Work .... . . 456 



Making of Pasteur pipettes. Drawing of blood from 



animals, from man. Oxalate blood and plasma. Prepara- 

 tion of blood-serum. Sterilization of serum by filtration. 



Fractional sterilization at 58, at 75, at 100. Solidification 



of serum. Modified serum media. Filtration of bacterial 



liquids. Tuberculin. Diphtheria toxin. The minimum 



fatal dose. Testing of antitoxin. Immunization against 



diphtheria. Antitoxic and anti-infectious serum. Active 



and passive immunity. Pfeiffer's reaction. Eisner's 



medium. Stoddart's medium. Hiss' tube medium. Usch- 



insky's medium.- Preparation and use of collodium sacs. 

 Inoculation for rabies. 



CHAPTER XV. 



Special Methods of Work, Continued .... 505 



Serum agglutination. Poisonous foods. Purification 



of litmus. The tubing of media. : The sealing and keeping 



of cultures. Thermal death point. -Moist and dry heat. 



Testing of disinfectants. Testing of antiseptics. Room 



disinfection. Hardening, imbedding and cutting of sections. 



The staining of sections. Simple, and Gram's method. 



Staining of anthrax, tubercle leprosy and typhoid bacilli, and 

 actinomyces in sections. 



List of apparatus and chemicals . . . . . ; . 547 

 Index ... 549 



