be propagated either by seeds or the parting of the roots. If by the 

 former method, the seed should be sown in a light dry soil towards 

 the end of March, either in slight drills or on the plain surface, and 

 immediately raked in. When the season proves favourable, the 

 plants appear in May, and all the after-culture they require is to 

 keep them clean from weeds, and, where they stand too close, to 

 thin them out, so as to leave them about six inches apart ; which is 

 room sufficient for them to grow in until the autumn, when they 

 should be transplanted into situations where they are designed to 

 remain. The first, as being the most tender, is advised to be planted 

 in a warm border near a wall, and which, as the plants do not mul- 

 tiply so fast by their roots, do not require more room than about 

 three feet ; but the second, as it spreads its roots to a great distance, 

 should have more than twice that space. From this last sort being 

 hardy, it may be proper to be planted between shrubs to fill up va- 

 cant spaces ; where it will grow without difficulty, provided the 

 ground be light and not over wet; and when in flower will thus 

 make an agreeable variety. 



When they are propagated by their roots, the operation may 

 be performed either in spring or autumn: but the former should 

 only be removed in the spring; for, if transplanted in the au- 

 tumn, and the following winter should prove cold, it will run the 

 hazard of being destroyed. The roots in these cases should not 

 be parted too small, and the plants be at once placed out where 

 they are to remain. As these plants take very deep root, when 

 planted in wet ground, the roots are liable to rot in the winter. 

 They have frequently been traced more than four feet: they should 

 not therefore be wholly removed after they have been growing 

 long in a place; but the side shoots be annually taken off, otherwise 

 they will be apt to spread so far as to overpower the neighbouring 

 plants or shrubs. The remaining culture is only that of affording the 

 flowering stems due support when it becomes requisite, and carefully 

 clearing away the decayed stalks in the autumn. 



When these plants arc once established in a piece of ground, 

 they are observed by Miller to be eradicated with great difficulty. 



