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supporting three or four flowers, which are covered with a thin 

 sheath ; the three bending petals or falls are of a faint purple in- 

 clining to blue, with purple veins running lengthwise: the beard is 

 yellow, and three erect petals or standards are of a bright blue, with 

 some faint purple stripes. It is a native of Germany, flowering in 

 May and June. 



The eighth species has the scape divided at top, longer than the 

 leaves, two (or three) feet high: the leaves inflex-falcated at top, 

 striated, the upper ones gradually shorter. It resembles the seventh, 

 from which it differs in having the larger petals of a deeper violet 

 colour, and sub-emarginale; the smaller petals emarginate, and of a 

 deeper blue colour: the stigmas acute and serrate, with a blueish 

 keel. It derives the trivial name from the smell of the flowers, which 

 is very like that of Elder in bloom. It flowers at the end of May, 

 and in June, and is a native of the South of Europe. 



In the ninth, the roots are very thick, fleshy, and divided into 

 joints, spreading just under the surface of the ground: they are of a 

 brownish colour on their outside, but white within: the leaves rise in 

 clusters, embracing each other at their base, but spread asunder up 

 wards in form of wings: they are a foot and a half long, and two 

 inches broad, having sharp edges, ending in points like swords: the 

 stalks between these, which are a little longer than the leaves, having 

 at each joint one leaf without a foot-stalk; these diminish in their 

 size upwards: the stalks divide into three branches, each of which 

 produces two or three flowers one above another at distances, each 

 enclosed in a sheath: they have three large violet-coloured petals 

 which turn backward, and are called falls: these have beards near 

 an inch long on their midrib towards their base, and have a short 

 arched petal which covers the beard, with three broad erect petals of 

 the same colour, called standards: the stamina lie upon the reflexed 

 petals. It flowers in June. It is a native of the South of Europe. 



There are varieties with blue standards and purple falls, with 

 pale purple standards, with white standards, and with a smaller 

 flower. 



The tenth species has a tuberous, creeping root: the stems seve- 



