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shade; or in a hot-bed, which will forward the germination of the 

 seed more fully, and the plants will rise sooner; which should af- 

 terwards be hardened gradually to the open air till the autumn, 

 and then placed under a garden-frame for the winter, to have shel- 

 ter from frosts, and in the spring planted out in pots, or some in 

 the nursery; and in a year or two they may be transplanted where 

 they are to remain, against some warm south wall. 



The layers should be laid down from some of the branches in 

 the common way in the spring, when they will readily emit roots, 

 and make proper plants by autumn; when, or rather in spring fol- 

 lowing, they should be taken off and transplanted either into pots 

 in nursery rows, or where they are to remain. 



The cutting? should be made in February or March from the 

 strong young shoots, in length from about eight to ten or twelve 

 inches, planting them in any bed or border of common earth, giv- 

 ing frequent watering in dry weather, and when sunny and hot, if 

 in a situation exposed to them, a moderate shade of mats will be of 

 much advantage. They will emit roots at bottom, and shoots at 

 top, and become good plants by autumn, allowing them the occa- 

 sional shelter of mats, &c. during the winter's frost; and in the 

 spring let them be planted out. If a quantity of these cuttings be 

 planted close, and covered down with hand-glasses, it will forward 

 their rooting; observing, however, when they begin to shoot at top, 

 to remove the glasses, in order to admit fresh air. 



The second and third, or green-house kinds, may be increased 

 by seed, layers, and parting the roots : the seed, obtained from 

 America, should be sown in pots in March or April, plunging 

 them in a hot-bed to raise the plants, which afterwards inure to the 

 open air in summer, giving them the shelter of a green-house or 

 frame in winter : and in the spring following plant some out in 

 pots, placing them among the green-house plants ; and others 

 may be planted in the full ground, under a warm fence, to take 

 their chance. 



layers should be made in the summer from young shoots, 



