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The first has a perennial root, composed of many strong fibres 

 which run deep in the ground: the stems several, strong, chan- 

 nelled, upwards of four feet high: the leaflets four or five pairs, 

 unequal in size and irregularly placed, ending in acute points: the 

 flowers are on naked peduncles, at the ends of the branches, of a 

 whitish yellow colour, appearing at the end of June. It is a native 

 of the Alps of Switzerland, &c. 



The second species has a perennial root : the lower leaves almost 

 entire, serrate: stem stiff, two feet high, bifid at top, spreading; in 

 the division arises a naked peduncle, which, as also the divisions, 

 are each terminated by a single flower, composed of many white 

 florets. It is a native of the south of France, &c. 



The third -has also a perennial, oblong, blackish root, near the 

 thickness of the little finger, often growing obliquely, stumped at the 

 lower end so as to appear as if bitten off, whence its trivial name, 

 and furnished with long whitish fibres: the stem from a foot to 

 eighteen inches in height, upright, branched at top, round, rough 

 with hair, and often of a reddish colour: the branches are lengthened 

 out, and each bears one flower: the root-leaves are ovate, quite en- 

 tire, blunter than the others; the stem-leaves lanceolate, the lower 

 ones remotely toothed, but the upper ones entire; all dark-green, 

 rather coriaceous, harsh and hairy: the flowers in nearly globular 

 heads. It is a native of Europe, flowering from August to the end 

 of October. 



The fourth species has an annual root: the stem is not hispid: 

 the branches patulous : the root-leaves like those of the Daisy, ovate, 

 bluntish, rugged, more acutely serrate; stem-leaves few; branch- 

 leaves lanceolate, embracing, ciliate at the base, seldom toothed or 

 pinnatifid, very long. It is a native of Germany, flowering from 

 June to August. 



The fifth rises with a strong branching stalk four or five feet high, 

 closely armed with stiff prickly hairs; lower hairs spear-shaped, 

 about seven inches long, and near four broad in the middle, deeply 

 cut on the sides; the stem-leaves more entire, some of them sharply 



3 K 



