THE THREE NEW ENGLAND FAUNAE. 37 



by Mr. Allen. The recognition of the "Carolinian" 

 or lowermost of these, we owe to this author, who 

 however left to be afterward determined its northward 

 extension into the valley of the Connecticut. The 

 " Alleghanian " Fauna was noted by Professor Agas- 

 siz in 1853. The "Canadian" was probably first so 

 called by Professor A. E. Verrill (Proceedings of the 

 Essex Institute, iii, 1863, pp. 136-139). 



In the article just mentioned, Professor Verrill 

 marks the boundary between the Canadian and Alle- 

 ghanian Faunag in the following manner : 



"To me it seems best to take, as a guide in deter- 

 mining the northern limits of the Alleghanian Fauna, 

 the most southern localities in which those birds pecu- 

 liar to the Canadian Fauna commonly breed. The 

 line thus established seems to separate the two Faunae 

 more distinctly than any other. The birds which 

 have been most useful in this investigation, their hab- 

 its being best known, are the Blue Snow Bird, Pine 

 Finch, Canada Jay, Crossbills, Black-poll Warbler, and 

 Spruce Partridge. Wherever these breed abundantly 

 in any region, it may safely be considered as belonging 

 to the Canadian Fauna. According to this arrange- 

 ment the Adirondack region of New York, the northern 

 parts of Vermont and New Hampshire, including most 

 of the higher parts of the Green Mountains and all 

 of the White Mountains, and even the summits of the 

 higher Alleghanies, will be included in the Canadian 

 Fauna. But the Alleghanian Fauna will extend north- 

 ward into some parts of Canada West, about Lake 

 Ontario, and along the valley of the St. Lawrence, 

 perhaps as far as Montreal. In Maine the Canadian 

 Fauna will embrace most of the northern portion of 



