8 THE BOOK OF THE APPLE 



most fruit from a small portion of ground, for the width 

 of the tree, for a considerable number of years at least, 

 will not exceed six feet, though a good height may be 

 reached within the same time. 



The Bush is grafted on the Paradise stock, whose 

 roots are fibrous and spreading, but not very far- 

 reaching, and remaining comparatively near to the 

 surface of the ground. Garden land that is culti- 

 vated, say to the degth of three feet or so, is well 

 suited to fruit trees grafted upon the Paradise. Pro- 

 viding the roots have such a depth of good soil 

 they should be well able to support the tree above, 

 especially as they can be so materially assisted from the 

 surface by mulching and manuring. The roots of the 

 Crab that are so deep and far-reaching cannot be 

 benefited to the same extent by the surface application 

 of manures as can those of the Paradise, which are 

 much nearer and more easily reached. The fact of the 

 roots of the Paradise being so near the surface makes 

 this an especially valuable stock upon wet or badly- 

 drained soils ; the roots do not penetrate into the bad 

 and unwholesome subsoil as those of a deeper rooting 

 character would do. Therefore, by planting Bush 

 apple trees on the Paradise stock a satisfactory crop of 

 fruit may be had upon land that, planted with Standards 

 on the Crab stock, would be quite worthless, for the 

 roots penetrating the stagnant subsoil could not fail to 

 produce unhealthy and diseased trees. Bush trees can 

 be planted closely together, much more so than can 

 Standards, since a considerable amount of room must 

 be allowed for the development 'of the spreading head 

 of the latter, while, as before mentioned, the Bush form 

 grows almost upright. 



The Pyramid is a form of tree more usually made use 

 of in the training of the pear than of the apple, although 

 the latter is also to a considerable extent trained in this 



