8o THE BOOK OF THE APPLE 



should be budded or grafted close to the ground, and 

 the Crab may be worked six inches above the ground, 

 the graft being allowed to make the stem of the standard 

 tree, or the stock may be grafted at the top of the stem. 

 The former method should not be practised in the case 

 of weak-growing varieties. In any case all side-shoots 

 must, of course, be removed to the desired height of 

 the stem. 



The formation of bush and pyramid trees is com- 

 menced by cutting off the maiden shoot to within about 

 six inches of where it] was budded or grafted, and con- 

 tinued by training out five shoots as primary branches. 



