124 



THE BOOK OF BUTTER 



than human power. They tied the skin to a horse's tail 

 and then it was dragged over rough ground with sufficient 

 speed to churn the milk. This form of churn is still 

 found in many oriental countries. Following the skin 

 churn came the many types of small wooden churns. 

 Some of these hand machines were in the shape of a 

 barrel, which was revolved to produce agitation. Others 



FIG. 43. A few of the many types of hand churns. 



were made with paddles or dashers. There are many 

 small egg-beater and cream-whipping types of churns 

 which collect the fat in a few minutes. These churns are 

 not satisfactory from the standpoint of efficiency of churn- 

 ing and of producing good butter. A few of the types of 

 churns employed on the farms may be seen in Fig. 43. 



94. Large churns. The first large churn was the box 

 type. When this came into use, the mechanical worker 

 became necessary, for there was too much butter to work 

 by hand. The need for a more convenient, sanitary, and 

 faster method of churning and working butter was felt 

 as the industry developed. In approximately 1850, 



