SCANDINAVIA-1893 453 



the right of these millions to an ice-free port on the At 

 lantic? Why should not these millions own a railway 

 across Scandinavia, and a suitable territory along the 

 line; and then, logically, all the territory north, and as 

 much as she needs of the territory south of the line? The 

 northern and, to some extent, the middle regions of Nor 

 way and Sweden would thus come under the sway of a czar 

 in St. Petersburg, represented by some governor-general 

 like those who have been trying to show to the Scandi 

 navians of Finland that newspapers are useless, petitions 

 inadmissible, constitutions a fetish, banishment a bless 

 ing, and the use of their native language a superfluity. 

 The only sad thing in this fair prospect is that it is not 

 the objurgatory Bjornson, the philosophic Ibsen, and the 

 impulsive Nansen, with their compatriots, now groaning 

 under what they are pleased to call &quot;Swedish tyranny,&quot; 

 who would enjoy this Russian liberty, but their children, 

 and their children s children. 



At Copenhagen I was especially attracted by the Eth 

 nographic Museum, which, by its display of the gradual 

 uplifting of Scandinavian humanity from prehistoric 

 times, has so strongly aided in enforcing on the world 

 the scientific doctrine of the &quot;rise of man,&quot; and in bring 

 ing to naught the theological doctrine of the &quot;fall of 



man. 



A short stay at Moscow added to my Russian points of 

 view, it being my second visit after an interval of nearly 

 forty years. Although the city had spread largely, there 

 was very little evidence of real progress: everywhere 

 were filth, fetishism, beggary, and reaction. The monu 

 ment to Alexander II, the great emancipator, stood in the 

 Kremlin, half finished; it has since, I am glad to learn, 

 been completed; but this has only been after long and 

 slothful delays, and the statue in St. Petersburg has not 

 even been begun. It is well understood that one cause 

 of this delay has been the reluctance of the reactionary 

 leaders in the empire to glorify so radical a movement 

 as the emancipation of the serfs. 



