PROGRESSIVE BEEF CATTLE RAISING 



improve the quality of the meat. One of the greatest 

 dangers to livestock improvement comes from permitting 

 calves with only one or two crosses of improved blood to 

 grow into bulls, thus replacing well bred bulls on farms 

 and ranches. In order to insure success in castration, 

 one must carefully wash and disinfect the hands and 

 instruments before operating and the wound after opera- 

 tion, must make a large free opening to permit good 

 drainage and prevent pus accumulations in the wound 

 and must permit the calf plenty of exercise to keep the 

 swelling down. Calves turned to pasture immediately 

 after the operation recover more quickly than those con- 

 fined to the stable, since the chances of infection are less. 

 If calves are to be turned off as veals it is not necessary 

 to castrate and they should be pushed along with skimmed 

 milk, flax-seed meal and such other feeds as they can 

 learn to consume, until they are six to twelve weeks old 

 and fat enough to market. Great care must be taken to 

 see that the skimmed milk is sweet and not fed in dirty 

 receptacles, as the digestive system of the calf may be 

 deranged and scours or some other ailment result. Very 

 few calves of beef breeding are killed as veals, the majority 

 of such calves coming from milking herds. 



There are certain general principles 



The Advantage connected with the feeding of cattle 



of Young that each farmer should bear in mind. 



Cattle The younger the animal the cheaper 



the gain. 



The older the feeder the easier to fatten. 



The older the cattle the greater the proportion of 

 roughage consumed. 



The older the cattle the less the labor and shelter 

 required. 



The greater the abundance of pasture and cheap feeds 

 and the more limited the fattening feeds, the greater 

 the profit in marketing cattle as stockers and feeders. 



Page Twenty-nine 



