PROGRESSIVE BEEF CATTLE RAISING 



Older cattle digest their feed less closely than young 

 cattle, and both digest whole grain less closely than 

 ground grain. 



The more limited the feeding space and the greater 

 the supply of concentrates, the greater the opportunity 

 for hogs to follow cattle. 



One pig weighing seventy to eighty pounds should be 

 allowed for three steers. 



After all the big problem in feeding 

 Essentials of is to satisfy the requirements of the 

 a Complete animal, and a study of the require- 



Ration ments is necessary in order to feed 



scientifically and economically. Gen- 

 erally speaking the needs of the animal may be grouped 

 under four heads: Growth, energy, fattening, and health 

 regulation. Growth is dependent on the nitrogenous sub- 

 stances in the feed, and is supplied by such feeds as bran, 

 milk, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, gluten feed, cowpeas, 

 soybeans, alfalfa, and clover. Feeds which supply 

 energy consist mainly of carbohydrates and fats, and are 

 furnished by corn, barley, wheat, rye, prairie hay, straw, 

 fodders, silage, grass, etc. Fattening powers are furnished 

 by the same feeds as those that supply energy. At one 

 time it was supposed that a simple estimate of the amounts 

 of these feeds that would furnish a well balanced diet 

 was sufficient in order to have successful results in feed- 

 ing, but it is now known that there are certain ingredients 

 of the ration that have only a slight food value, but that 

 promote the utilization of the feed and the general health 

 of the animal. Foremost among these may be mentioned 

 mineral matter, such as salt, lime, etc., which is known 

 to be essential to successful feeding, but there is another 

 class of substances known as vitamines found in certain 

 fats and proteins that promote the body processes in 

 much the same way that lubricating oil promotes the 

 work of the tractor without contributing to the energy 



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