PROGRESSIVE POULTRY CULTURE 79 



doors during the months of May or June in the temper- 

 ate zone. 



INDOOR AND OUTDOOR BROODERS. 



It is not wise to place artificial brooders out doors 

 until the weather is settled and comfortable. So-called 

 "out-door brooders" are better placed indoors or under 

 sufficient shelter for the comfort of the chicks and the 

 convenience of their attendant. The shed or house or 

 shelter of whatever kind need not be expensive but 

 should protect from severe cold, storms, harsh winds 

 and every discomfort of unfavorable weather. The 

 chicks should be induced by conditions of comfort and 

 attractiveness outside the brooder, to keep away from 

 the hover and out of the confinement of the brooder as 

 much as possible. 



Individual brooders are usually warmed by means 

 of hot water or hot air maintained at a sufficiently high 

 temperature by means of lamps using kerosene oil. If 

 the attendant can be at hand to look to the temperature, 

 frequently, regulation can be maintained by increasing 

 or reducing the lamp-flame according to the conditions. 

 If the attendant must be absent for hours at a time auto- 

 matic regulation should be secured by means of a ther- 

 mostat as in the case of an incubator. In a cold climate 

 or in cold weather a machine heated by hot water and 

 ventilated by pure warmed air, having ample lamp pow- 

 er for both purposes and under complete control should 

 shelter the chicks satisfactorily. 



Avoid brooders that are too small, and such as have 

 dark hoyers and cold corners. Secure a machine having 

 a safe lamp easily operated. 



Use a new or certainly clean brooder, a clean lamp, 

 fresh wick and good oil. If the brooder has been prev- 

 iously used, expose it, open to the air and sunshine out 

 of doors, for a week before using it to brood chickens. 



In-door brooders are intended for use only in brood- 

 er houses or where they are amply protected from un- 

 comfortable weather. Out-door brooders may be used 



