82 PROGRESSIVE POULTRY CULTURE 



tivity of the chicks the brooding arrangements in cold 

 weather may well include four degrees, of shelter. 



1. A hover artificially warmed and always of a tem- 

 perature sufficiently high to take the place of the hover- 

 ing hen. 



2. A comfortable exercising space within the brood- 

 er or brooder-house. 



3. An exercising place outside of the brooder or 

 house but enclosed at the sides with boards one to two 

 feet high and covered by a glass sash, such for example 

 as is used for hot-beds. In this place on pleasant days 

 even though the wind is blowing, the chicks may get the 

 benefit of the direct sunshine. 



4. An outdoor yard where the chicks can run and 

 scratch in dry litter when the weather permits. 



We thus give the chicks a choice of conditions that 

 are attractive and inviting whatever kind of weather 

 is prevailing. 



Exercise, sunshine and fresh air are wonderful pro- 

 moters of health, vigor and growth. 



Ventilation: The hover should be well ventilated 

 if the chicks rest there through the nights. 



A brooder is defective if it does not provide for the 

 drawing in of fresh air which is then warmed and forced 

 with a constant slow flow into the hover. The air of the 

 hover carrying the products of the respiration of the 

 chicks should be gradually but continuously moving out 

 of the hover. This movement of air into and out of the 

 hover, should be without direct drafts striking upon the 

 chicks and causing them to catch cold. If a brooder 

 has no system of forced ventilation its cover should* be 

 left partly open. If this tends to cool off the hover too 

 much, at night, more heat must be supplied by a higher 

 lamp flame. The chicks must certainly have fresh air 

 and that without discomfort or danger. 



Moisture: Some thought should be given to the 

 matter of moisture in the environment of the chicks. 

 The extremes of dryness and wetness are to be avoided 

 and a happy medium condition of humidity maintained 

 if the birds in the brooder are to do their best. Stag- 



