ELOWEBS, FRUITS AND SEEDS. 67 



is one that contains all the organs of reproduction, as 

 seen m that of the Apple, Rose, and many other similar 

 and common plants. At_the^base and outside we find a 

 floral envelope or Galyx, and this is^divided into several 

 leaf-like divisions called s&pals. Within the calyx there 

 is another set of floral organs called pptals^ which in the 

 flowers named, are larger and broader than the sepals of 

 the calyx, and usually quite conspicuous often of a 

 brilliant color, and together formjthe oprolla. The nj3x$ 

 row of organs aje stameng, these being slender and 

 thread-like, composed of a stem or filament tipped_ wjth 

 a knob-like body, called an aether, the latter being filled 

 with a fine powder, pollen, that differs widely in size 



and form in different kinds of plants. Xhe stamens are 



* 



really the Tnaje^ gjgansurfjalants. for the pollen produced 

 by them is Iffie fructifying substance, without which no 

 seed can be formed in any of the higher orders of plants. 

 In the very center of the flower we find another set of 

 slender organs called pistils, which rest upon or are but 

 a part of what is called the ovary the organ that con- 

 tains the ovnljs^ or embryo seeds. The pistils are tho 

 female organs, and it is through these that the pollen 

 from the anthers exerts its influence upon the embryo 

 seeds in the ovary. The uppj^rjyr _ extreme point, of the 

 pistil is called the stigma, and the column, or stem be- 

 low, the style, that widens out at the base into an ovary. 

 But these simple and perfect flowers are but one among 

 the many thousands of forms to be found everywhere 

 among plants, and while in nearly all of the plants with 

 distinct flowers the pistils and stamens can be readily 

 distinguished, their ^ize^a^d^positipn are far from being 

 uniform. I^sin^glejind^ those of the 



Apple, both^setsof^orga^s are fouxtdinjhe^ ___ 

 consequently, they are called bi-sex^TorDerlect: bnTm 

 many other kinds of plants, these organs are found 411 

 separate flojEBrs on the same plant, as seen in the Pines, 



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