72 PROPAGATION OF PLANTS. 



Quince. The seeds are mainly enclosed in a thin mem- 

 branous covering, but in the Hawthorn and Medlar it 

 is hard and bony. In the formation of the true pome 

 the calyx tubes enlarge or thicken, becoming a soft and 

 pulpy fruit ; the sepals or leaf-like divisions of the 

 calyx are carried forward as growth proceeds, and re- 

 main attached, as seen in what is called the blossom end 

 of such fruits. In the Gooseberry and Currant a some- 

 what similar, enlargement of the calyx takes place, but 

 the ovarj is only one-celled, the seeds being .imbedded in 

 the pulp, and attached to the two opposite sides of the 

 cell. 



The Orange and Lemon are berry-like in structure, the 

 ovarj free and many-celled, each containing one or more 

 seeds* with thick, fleshy cotyledons. These fruits have 

 thick, spongy rinds, and pulpy .separable cells, the cell- 

 walls thin and membranous. The Persimmon (Diospy- 

 ros) is also a fruit of a berry-like structure, with large 

 bony seeds imbedded in pulp. The cells of the ovary are 

 irregular, and the styles and stigma united as one, but 

 with several distinct pollen tubes. 



The Papaw or Custard Apple is a large plant with 

 dull-colored flowers of six petals in two rows, suc- 

 ceeded by large, oblong, pulpy fruit, containing sev- 

 eral large, flattish, long seeds. There are, however, 

 many species belonging to this family, and the fruit 

 is quite variable in form and structure. But, as I have 

 already stated, the number of different kinds of fruits is 

 far tco great to admit of even a brief description of all, 

 or any considerable number of them, in a work of this 

 kind ; for even in our cool climate there are, in addition 

 to those already named, the Grape ( Vitis) in many species, 

 the Barberry (Berberis), Buffaloberry (S/icpherclia), 

 Blueberry ( Vaccinium), Low Trailing Cranberry ( Vac- 

 cinium Oxycoccos), High Bush Cranberry (Viburnum 

 Opulus), Elderberry (Sambucus), Huckleberry (Gaylus- 



