PROPAGATION BY ROOT-CUTTINGS. 185 



doubt all may be propagated by root-cuttings by varying 

 the treatment some requiring more time and a higher 

 temperature than others in order to secure the production 

 of buds. I now refer to the t4^e_ropJs <<L not to what are 

 called su4^erranea>v$tems and branjeJiej^jvluch are quite 

 djstmc.t productions f rom roBfe, as the former are similar 

 in structure to the aerial stems and branches of the plants 

 that produce them, having joints or nodes at which there 

 is either a single \^u^ or a concentration of a number of 

 buds, as may be seen in such genera of plants as the 

 Calycanthus, Neviusia, and such species as Kamanas Rose 

 (Rosa rugosa), the Smooth Sumach (Rhus glabra), and 

 various kinds of herbaceous plants, like the Canada 

 Thistle, Toad-flax, some of the species of Phlox, Spircea, 

 P achy sandra, and others, all of which produce subter- 

 ranean branches, in addition to their true roots. Fur- 

 thermore, tiqie^ roots^ always originate in^jjie 



i^perJng^rootlets, "Jblargjng with ag 

 subterranean branch starts from a bud on the main stem 

 with nearly, or quite, asgreat a diameEer~as it will ever 

 acquire, with a tip not pointed, but rather blunt, and 

 often thicker than the part behind, and if it meets no 

 obstacle in its lateral growth, the end will either come to 

 the surface and produce an upright stem, and separate 

 pl&nT7~as usually found about old clumps of the plants 

 named, Qr^ej^i^minaj^jn a tuj>er, as seen in the com- 

 mon Potato, Jerusalem Artichoke, Tuberous-rooted Scir- 

 pus (Chufa), etc. If the terminal bud on these subter- 

 ranean branches is destroyed, the next below will pro- 

 duce a shoot, and this may be repeated until the entire 

 number are forced into growth, as is well known to every 

 farmer who has ever tried to kill out Canada Thistles. 



The roots of the Easpberry and Blackberry, although 

 often referred to as subterranean stems or branches, have 

 really nothing in common with these productions, as they 

 do not show any such system of nodes and internodes, 



