SELECTING STOCKS. 237 



Varieties of the evergreen species of the Cherry, such as 

 C. ilicifolia, C. Lauro-cerasus and the C. Lu&itanica, 

 should, of course, be grafted on stocks of their own or 

 closely allied species. . 



CHAM^ECYPARIS (Cypress). See Coniferae. 



CHICK ANT H us (White Fringe). Almost any species 

 of the Ash (Fraxinus), makes a good stock for the 

 American White Fringe (C. Virginica) and the Chinese 

 species (C. retusus). The European Ash (F. excelsior), 

 is, however, usually preferred to the American species as 

 a stock for the fringe trees. 



CONIFERS (Cone Bearing). With but few exceptions, 

 the Conifers are evergreen trees or shrubs. The ever- 

 green kinds must necessarily be confined to stocks of the 

 same group and the deciduous to their own. As a rule, 

 in seeking stocks for the Conifers, the nearer we can keep 

 to the species from which the varieties under propagation 

 originated, the better, although in a few instances some 

 closely allied species may have proved to be superior for 

 this purpose than the original. For the Abies or Firs, 

 the European Silver Fir (A. pectinata), has been most 

 extensively used as a stock for the different species and 

 varieties of the genus, mainly because it was most com- 

 mon and readily obtained. Any of the other larger grow- 

 ing species native of cool climates will, however, answer 

 equally well. 



With the Pines (Pinus), the species with two and three 

 leaves in a bundle should be employed for varieties of the 

 same, such as P. sylvestris, P. s. nana, P. Muglio 

 compacta, P. Pyrenaica, P. densiflora, etc. The com- 

 mon Austrian Pine (P. Austriaca), may be used as 

 a stock for our Western Pines (P. ponderosa, P. Coulteri 

 and P. Sabiniana), as these all have heavy, coarse-grained 

 wood, and are closely allied to the Austrian Pine. But 

 \i good, rapid and free growing three-leaved species is 



