SELECT LISTS OF PLANTS. 267 



a red flowering- (C.f. pwyured), have recently been discovered and are 

 now being extensively propagated by nurserymen by grafting- and bud- 

 ding on seedling stocks of the species. Grafting these varieties in the 

 open air is somewhat uncertain, although by using cions composed of 

 two-year-old wood for the splice or wedge, and a short section of one- 

 year-old with a bud above, moderate success may be obtained. But the 

 best mode of grafting is with the veneer graft, under glass, on pot-grown 

 stocks, in August. I much prefer budding in the nursery on stocks that 

 have been headed back in spring, inserting the buds on the new growth 

 of the season, and performing the operation as late in summer as pos- 

 sible, and yet before the stocks have ceased growing. To hasten the 

 development of the buds on the parent tree, pinch off the ends of the 

 young shoots a week or two before the buds are wanted for use. All of 

 the species of the Dogwood are readily propagated by seed, layers, and 

 some like the " Red Osier Dogwood " may be readily increased by 

 cuttings of the mature wood. 



Corylus (Hazelnut, Filbert). A small genus of hardy deciduous 

 trees and shrubs, bearing edible nuts. Two small, low-growing 

 species are natives of the United States, but they are seldom cultivated. 

 The European and Asiatic species have yielded an almost innumerable 

 number of varieties ; the best of these are extensively cultivated in the 

 Old World, and sparingly so in this country. Propagated by seed, or the 

 nuts preserved in sand over winter, as I have already directed for other 

 kinds of nuts ; by suckers, which usually spring up in great abundance 

 about the stems ; by layers, and occasionally by budding and grafting. 

 Cuttings of the young shoots of the season, made in the fall and stored 

 in moist sphagnum or sand through winter, will grow quite freely, if 

 planted in a warm, well-drained soil. 



Cotoneaster. Hardy shrubs and small trees, with small white or 

 pinkish flowers, succeeded by ornamental berries late in autumn. There 

 are about fifteen species, a few of the number evergreen in mild 

 winters. Propagated by seed, layers, or grafting on the Quince. 



Cratcegus (Thorn, Hawthorn). A genus of some thirty species, 

 mostly hardy, deciduous shrubs and trees ; about one-half the number 

 are North American. The double-flowered Hawthorns are popular orna- 

 mental trees, propagated by budding and grafting on seedling stocks. 

 To raise seedlings, the fruit should be gathered when ripe, and placed 

 where the pulp surrounding the seed will soften, but not ferment and 

 heat. Then mix pulp and seed with an equal bulk of pure sand, work- 

 ing over the heap until both are thoroughly intermingled. Place all in 

 boxes with good drainage, and on the north side of some building, or 

 where the box will be in the shade, bank up and cover over with soil. 

 The box and seed may remain in this position until the autumn of the 

 next year ; then the seed may be taken out and sown in shallow drills, 

 covering them from one to two inches deep, dropping a seed every two 

 inches if sown in single drills, or about the same distance apart if sown 



